马里亚纳海沟表层沉积物物理性质与微观结构初探

针对取样于141°48.700 8'E,11°11.698 8'N,深度为8 638 m的马里亚纳海沟海底表层沉积物,考虑该沉积物中的孔隙水为海水,提出一种测定其基本物理性质指标的修正方法,并测定其相关的物理性质指标,最后通过扫描电子显微镜观察其微观结构。研究结果表明:本次取样处的深海海底表层沉积物具有极高的含水率、高孔隙率、低密度、低比重、高饱和度等特性。考虑海水中盐分影响的修正后,该土样的含水率比修正前提高了11.68%,比重比修正前降低了7.66%。该沉积物显微结构以絮凝结构为主,中间夹杂着大量多孔隙的硅藻碎片和生物体的空壳,这使得该沉积物中的孔隙数量增多。研究结果将有助于了解马里亚纳海沟地区的深海沉积环境和历史,为深海集矿车的设计提供参考。     

基于Chirp数据和Biot-Stoll模型反演南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物物理性质

浅地层剖面是基于声学信号(频率在几百至几千赫兹)在沉积物中的传播得到可反映沉积地层结构的数据,海底反射系数与沉积物物理性质密切相关。Biot-Stoll声波传播理论模型可以预测海底沉积物的物理性质,构建反射系数等声学参数与物理参数之间的关系,但在不同的海域采用不同的参数所获得的效果不同。为此,本文基于南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物的实测物理参数,利用Biot-Stoll模型建立研究区海底反射系数和沉积物物理性质之间的关系,结果表明模型计算值与样品实测值吻合度总体较好,偏差在0.1%～4.9%之间,并建立了频率3.5 kHz时海底反射系数与沉积物孔隙度、密度、平均粒径之间的关系方程,且方程拟合度较高,可决系数R2均大于0.99。在对典型Chirp剖面数据计算其海底反射系数的基础上,反演了海底表层沉积物的孔隙度、密度、颗粒平均粒径等物理性质,其中反演孔隙度、密度、平均粒径与实测孔隙度、密度、平均粒径相对误差均小于5%,结果与实测值基本相符,表明该反演方法在南海北部陆坡区的应用是可行的。     

黑洞天体活动的基本面研究

活动星系核(中心黑洞质量MBH^10^6-10^10M⊙)和黑洞X射线双星(MBH^10M⊙)普遍被认为具有相似的中心引擎:黑洞、吸积盘和喷流.类似的中心引擎、质量相却差如此之大(6{9个数量级)的两类黑洞系统是否具有相似的物理仍不清楚.本文围绕不同尺度黑洞天体的物理性质和观测特性展开,主要研究了不同尺度黑洞天体活动的基本面关系以及黑洞X射线双星的能谱演化.     

2018年北极太平洋区域夏季海冰物理及光学性质的研究

The reduction in Arctic sea ice in summer has been reported to have a significant impact on the global climate. In this study, Arctic sea ice/snow at the end of the melting season in 2018 was investigated during CHINARE-2018, in terms of its temperature, salinity, density and textural structure, the snow density, water content and albedo, as well as morphology and albedo of the refreezing melt pond. The interior melting of sea ice caused a strong stratification of temperature, salinity and density. The temperature of sea ice ranged from –0.8℃ to 0℃, and exhibited linear cooling with depth. The average salinity and density of sea ice were approximately 1.3 psu and 825 kg/m~3, respectively, and increased slightly with depth. The first-year sea ice was dominated by columnar grained ice. Snow cover over all the investigated floes was in the melt phase, and the average water content and density were 0.74% and 241 kg/m~3, respectively. The thickness of the thin ice lid ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.0 cm, and the depth of the pond ranged from 1.8 cm to 26.8 cm. The integrated albedo of the refreezing melt pond was in the range of 0.28–0.57. Because of the thin ice lid, the albedo of the melt pond improved to twice as high as that of the mature melt pond. These results provide a reference for the current state of Arctic sea ice and the mechanism of its reduction.     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF PREFERENTIAL PATHS AND ITS RELATION TO THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE THREE GORGES AREA, CHINA

To study the characteristics of the distribution of the preferential paths and the affecting factors in the Three Gorges area, four soil profiles were dug to observe the distribution of preferential paths in the Quxi watershed in the Yangtze River basin. The Morisita exponential test method was used to examine the distribution type of preferential paths. The physical properties and infiltration characteristics of the soil were also measured to evaluate their relationship to preferential paths. The results showed that in this area, preferential paths clustered and mainly distributed in the 80-100 cm soil layer, and along the interface between the weathered layer and semi-weathered layer. There were more non-capillary pores in the 83-110 cm layer than in the other layers. It can be derived that most non-capillary pores in this layer were preferential paths caused by geological processes and rotten plant roots. The percentage of coarse soil particles increased with the depth of the soil layer. In the deeper soil layer, the coarse soil particles helped the formation of preferential paths. The fastest steady infiltration rate was observed in the of 83-110cm layer, which is inferred to be due to the greater number of preferential paths.     

安徽马钢凹山铁矿断层带中粘土矿物质组分的研究

对马钢凹山铁矿区断层带中规模较大的粘土矿,采用化学分析、岩矿鉴定、Ｘ衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析、差热分析、透射电镜及物理工艺性能等综合分析测试方法进行了研究,查明其岩石、矿石类型及６种类型矿石的物质组分和矿物特征、２组矿石样品的物理工艺性能,在此基础上,从选矿和提高矿石质量等方面提出了意见     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷储集层岩石学特征

根据岩石铸体薄片和扫描电镜观察资料,分析了吐哈盆地台北凹陷中侏罗统储集层的岩性特征。七克台组中上部储集层以岩屑砂岩为主,属于第一岩性段．七克台组下部一西山窑组储集层以长石岩屑砂岩为主,属于第二岩性段．砂岩的岩性特征对储集层的物理性质具有明显的影响作用。     

石墨尾矿烧结砖制备工艺及性能研究

山东青岛南墅地区是我国优质石墨的生产基地。石墨资源的开发,对当地经济发展产生了明显的带动和促进作用。但是,石墨选矿厂排放的大量固体尾矿,不仅占用了宝贵的农田,也对区域生态环境产生了不利影响。石墨选矿厂投产以来排放的尾矿,已占用了数十公顷的土地,其中最大的一个尾矿堆场,面积达１０公顷,体积约３２万ｍ３。裸露于地表的泥沙状尾矿粉末,随风飘扬,极易形成扬沙天气;在多雨季节,大量降水又形成泥沙流,危及周围农田。为解决尾矿带来的环境问题,石墨矿及当地政府每年都要花费巨资和人力对尾矿进行掩盖,但治理效果不佳…     

无泥型软弱层带物理性质的围压效应

通过对外于围压状态下无泥软弱层带物理性质现场试验结果及其所赋存的应力场分析,并结合同类型扰动试样室内围限（固结）试验结果,表明围压（限）作用对无泥型软弱层带物理性质的控制作用,如同含泥型夹层,也是极为显著的。     

辽东湾海冰现场调查研究

以辽东湾沿岸海洋站、海岸及海上海冰调查研究成果为基础,定性归纳了辽东湾海冰的特点,主要强调它同其它海域海冰的区别。定量表达了辽东湾海冰的内部结构特征,温度、盐度。密度、导热系数及冰下水温、盐度的潮流效应。给出现场原位悬臂梁弯曲强度的卤水体积表达方式。