前苏联七十年海冰研究回顾

本文简要介绍了前苏联近七十年来海冰研究的主要成果及其采用的一些预报方法。     

潮汐对瞬态气候响应模拟的影响研究

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed Exp_Tide and Exp_Control,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in Exp_Tide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in Exp_Tide(1.10×10~(24) J) than in Exp_Control(0.91×10~(24) J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in Exp_Tide are both larger than those observed in Exp_Control. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in Exp_Tide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.     

微电阻率扫描测井技术对储层中风化壳和裂缝的识别

微电阻率扫描测井技术与常规数控测井技术相比较，是测井技术上的一次飞跃，它以扫描图像来反映井壁岩层的成分和结构，并能得到岩层和裂缝的产状等。本文用其测试辽河断陷海南一月东潜山区海南20井，测得潜山储层震旦系和寒武系-奥陶系顶部有一层厚30-35m的古风化壳，具有网状裂缝结构。并测得储层自上而下碳酸盐岩中各种类型的裂缝及其发育规律。     

Elemental geochemical records of seafloor hydrothermal activities in the sediments from the Okinawa Trough

The major and minor element contents in the sediment core H9 from the hydrothermal fields of the Okinawa Trough show a sharp change at the depth of 80 cm. The elements enriched in the upper 80 cm core are those enriched in the hydrothermal deposits and in the surface sediments recovered from the hydrothermal fields in the trough, which indicates the input of hydrothermal materials. Comparing with other hydrothermal sediments from Mid-ocean Ridges or the Lau Basin, the degree of the enrichment of elements iron, copper,cobalt, and nickel is relatively low. However, the enrichment of elements manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury is remarkable. The average contents of these elements in the upper 80 cm core sediments are three to six times those in the lower section, and 3~12 times those in the surface sediments which are not influenced by hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal activities have contributed significant manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury to the sediments, and these elements are distinct indicators for the hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough. The significant enrichment of these elements in Core H9 upward from the depth 80 cm indicates the start or the significant enhancing of the hydrothermal activity in this area at about 5 740 aB.P. The average accumulation rate of manganese during this period is about 40 461 μg/(cm2·ka), which is similar to the hydrothermal sediments in the Lau Basin or the East Pacific Rise.     

海鳗肌肉及鱼头营养成分的比较研究

对海鳗肌肉和头的营养成分进行分析研究的结果表明：海鳗肌肉和头的粗蛋白含量分别为19.6%和15.2%，第一限制氨基酸均为色氨酸（Trp）、氨基酸价分别为92和80；必需氨基酸分别各占氨基酸总量的45.5%和36.3%，谷氨酸(Glu)、天门冬氨酸（Asp）、丙氨酸（Ala）和甘氨酸（Gly）等呈味氨基酸在肌肉和头中的含量基本持平，两者均含有丰富的钙、磷等无机元素。从蛋白质和氨基酸的分析结果看，肌肉的营养价值比头高。     

豹皮菌中两种氨基酸成分对N－甲基D－门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体的作用

报道豹皮菌（Ａｍａｎｉｔａｐａｎｔｈｅｒｉｎａ）中两种氨基酸成分ＫＩ－Ⅰ、ＫＩ－Ⅱ对ＮＭＤＡ（Ｎ－Ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－Ｄ－Ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅ）受体的活性研究。ＫＩ－Ⅰ和ＫＩ－Ⅱ对ＮＭＤＡ受体的作用是通过大鼠大脑皮质和脊髓突触部分的受体结合实验进行的。实验结果指出：ＫＩ－Ⅰ是一种高活性ＮＭＤＡ受体激动剂；ＫＩ－Ⅱ是ＮＭＤＡ受体拈抗剂。