渠道热量交换与冰盖表面温度的计算分析

为了精确计算预测南水北调中线工程冬季输水的冰情,进而确保冬季干渠安全定时定量输水,对热量交换计算和冰盖表面温度两个方面进行了分析,提出了通过强迫边界条件法求冰盖的表面温度.通过模拟表明,准确的气象资料、准确的冰盖表面温度的计算对渠道冰盖厚度的变化过程极其重要,将对渠道冰期输水的控制运行研究有重要意义.     

场地地下水源热泵系统抽灌实验及数值模拟研究

基于野外实际地下水源热泵系统和长时间抽灌实验,构建场地水文地质概念模型和水热耦合模型,进行场地地下水温度场数值模拟研究。利用场地群井观测数据对所建模型进行验证,诸观测孔各时段的绝对误差均值为0.38℃,平均相对误差率为2.00%,表明模型模拟结果良好。模型经验证后,预测不同抽灌模式下温度场分布,发现季节性交替抽灌结果优于正常抽灌,但均产生热贯通现象,说明现状抽灌井距(30 m)偏小。设计不同抽灌井距情况模拟回灌井对抽水井的影响,得到研究场地合理井距为50 m。进一步研究渗透系数、热弥散度、抽灌水量和回灌水温差对合理井距的影响,发现抽灌水量和回灌水温差的影响最大。     

The wavenumber-frequency characteristics of the tropical waves in an aqua-planet GCM

Based on the aqua-planet experiments, the wavenumber-frequency characteristics of tropical waves and their influencing factors in SST distribution and the convective parameterization scheme are investigated using the spectral atmospheric general circulation model （SAMIL）. Space-time spectral analysis is used to obtain the variance of convectively coupled tropical waves. In the Control experiment with maximum SST located at the equator the simulated tropical-wave behaviors are in agreement with those in observations and theoretical solutions. When the maximum SST is located at 5°N, the symmetric and antisymmetric waves are much weaker than those in the control experiment, suggesting that tropical wave activities are very sensitive to the SST distributions. Importantly, the variance maximum of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） is found to occur around 5°N, which suggests that the development of the MJO depends largely on the latitude of maximum SST. Furthermore, the seasonal variations of MJO may be mainly caused by the seasonal variations of the maximum SST. The experiment results with two different cumulus schemes the Manabe moist convective adjustment and Zhang-McFarlane （ZM） convective scheme, were also compared to examine the impacts of convective parameterization. Weakened variances of each individual tropical wave when the ZM scheme is used suggest that the ZM scheme is not favorable for the tropical wave activities. However, the wave characteristics are different when the ZM scheme is used in different models, which may imply that the simulated basic state is important to the meridional distributions of the waves. The MJO signals suggest that the parameterization scheme may have great influence on the strength, but have less direct impact on the MJO distribution. The frequency of the tropical waves may be associated with the moisture control of convection and the large-scale condensation scheme used in the model.     

論从海陸熱量交換情况來劃分北半球自然天氣區域

自然天氣區域这概念是穆爾塔諾夫斯基所提出的,他用了北半球正月份极地高压軸徑,把北半球高緯度地帶分做三個自然天氣區域。之後帕哥香用高空600毫巴平均形勢的分佈說明北半球(正月)有着三個平均低槽,由此也確定北半球有三個自然天氣區。     

人体热量平衡模型及其在人体舒适度预报中的应用

人对外界冷热的调节和舒适感,不能根据气温或其他单一的气象要素来评价.要真正全面表述环境对人体的影响必须运用人体热量平衡模型,人体热量平衡模型全面考虑了所有相关的气象要素、行为参数(活动和服装)和人体参数.运用上海有限域数值天气预报和热量平衡模型计算了体感温度,以衡量人体在环境中的热舒适状况.     

乌鲁木齐南山中山带气候特征分析

对乌鲁木齐南山中山带的气候资料进行了分析，总结出主要气候特征。     

河口海域SDZY水质预测模型的研究及应用

根据弱混合型河口海域的水流条件及边界条件,针对温热排水污染源,从物理机制入手,提出了三维 多层二维平面综合预测模型,对排污口区域,用三维模型考虑了垂直方向的流动及流场的梯度变化,同时考虑了垂直方向的热量交换和温度场的梯度变化,对远离排污口区域,用多层平面二维模型,考虑各层的流速场和温度场的梯度变化。通过对实际河口海域流场和温度场的模拟计算,模型具有较高的精度和实用价值。     

拉萨地区农业气候资源评价

文章对拉萨市农业气象资源及其配置状况进行了分析和评价。光能丰富、温度低、降水少是拉萨市农业气象资源的基本特征；农业气象资源配置，除雨热同季的特点外，由于夏季多“日晴”型夜雨，还具有光热水共济的优势，而雨热同季不同步，是出现夏、夏干旱的主要原因。文章从农田水利建设、发展多种经营、建设生态牧业和提高小麦品质等方面提出了合理利用农业气候资源的建议。     

清镇市站街镇K优5号、K优047杂交水稻绝收的调查分析

在对清镇市站街镇2001年K优5号和K优047杂交水稻绝收进行大田调查的基础上，根据水稻的生育特性，对比分析清镇市历年与2001年气候特点，找出了2001年K优5号和K优047杂交水稻绝收原因，为了合理利用光，热，水等气候资源，趋利避害，归纳出清镇水稻生育期气候特点，提出了在引种过程中应注意的问题。