Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

氡气测量在佳木斯城市地下热水普查的应用

在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素.通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用.通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区.     

岩石圈热-流变结构的研究方法和发展动向

岩石圈并不是经典板块理论认为的整体的刚性圈层,而是在不同大地构造位置及不同深度具有不同的流变性质。在介绍岩石圈热一流变结构的计算方法以及不同大地构造位置的岩石圈流变学分层特征的基础上,阐述了岩石圈热一流变结构所反映的地球动力学信息,并对我国在该领域的研究进展做出总结,认为未来需要加强深部结构和地热学的研究,尤其是我国海域此方面的研究。     

西北太平洋上层热含量的时空变化

基于全球月平均海温资料、137°E断面海温观测资料、同化水位资料和太平洋850 hPa纬向风资料,利用EOF、功率谱和最大熵谱等分析方法,分析了西北太平洋上层热含量的时空变化,并讨论了热含量变化与水位和赤道太平洋纬向风异常的关系.结果表明,西北太平洋上层热含量具有明显的年际和年代际变化;热含量的年际变化与热带太平洋大尺度海气系统异常相联系,即在El Ni(n)o期间,热含量减少,而在La Ni(n)a期间热含量增多;热含量在20世纪70年代末发生了一次气候跃变,在跃变前热含量偏多,而在跃变后则偏少;热含量与水位间存在着非常一致的同位相年际变化,而这种变化与赤道西、中太平洋的纬向风异常有关.     

热红外多角度遥感技术研究进展

在回顾国内外多角度遥感技术发展概况的基础上, 重点总结了中国开展地表热红外辐射方向性观测实验研究的发展历程, 介绍了地面多角度遥感实验观测系统、机载热红外多角度成像系统、机载红外广角双模式成像仪以及扫描式多角度多光谱成像仪的研制过程、主要技术指标以及开展航空遥感获取多角度热红外遥感数据的情况, 对于热红外多角度遥感技术的发展具有重要的参考意义。     

力促大规模非水可再生能源发展

近年来,对于我国应大力发展非水可再生能源、积极构建能源可持续发展体系已取得一定共识,各方面积极性均在增强,但对在本世纪上半叶能否达到上亿吨标煤的年供应量及上亿千瓦的装机容量的大规模发展,尚有不少疑虑。21世纪上半叶,我国能源发展已进入减小化石能源份额、增大可再生能源份额、逐步建立可持续发展的新时期。     

A culture-dependent survey of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Xiamen area in China

Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A culturedependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was performed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55—90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1), Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Strain 4), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5), and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1.8—3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8), Sulfobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophiles, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodothermus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community.     

热泵技术提高地热利用率研究

热泵是消耗一定高品位能源把能量从低温物体传递到高温物体的设备。热泵是以低温地热水作为热泵夏季制冷的冷却源、冬季采暖供热的低温热源,同时是实现采暖制冷和生活用热水的一种系统。它用来替代传统的用制冷机和锅炉进行空调采暖和供热的模式,是改善城市大气环境和节约能源的一种有效途径,也是国内地源能利用的一个新发展方向。     

红树植物木榄叶中挥发油的化学成分

以正己烷为溶剂,采用回流提取法提取红树植物木榄叶中的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离检测得到40个峰,鉴定了其中的32种成分,被鉴定成分占挥发油总量的91.92%,其主要成分为烷烃类(30.31%)、萜类化合物(25.22%)、芳香化合物(14.07%)、酸(10.60%)、酯(5.36%)和烯(3.49%).