导学案在高中地理教学中的实施效果调查研究

在新一轮课程改革中,以导学案为载体的小组合作探究学习成为一种流行趋势,为课堂注入了新活力。本文通过问卷调查和访谈交流形式对高中地理导学案教学的现状问题进行调查,分析导学案设计的合理性和使用的有效性,以及导学案实施效果的影响因素,以更好地完善导学案教学。     

荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应

以2012年4—9月树干液流速率与环境因子的实测数据,分析了荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应。结果表明:不同月份胡杨树干液流速率对不同环境因子的时滞不同;4—9月,胡杨树干液流速率峰值时间比太阳辐射峰值时间晚约1h,比空气温度峰值时间早约1h,比水汽压差峰值时间早约2h,比空气相对湿度谷值时间早约2h;对影响胡杨树干液流速率的环境因子进行了主成分分析,发现胡杨树干液流速率与1h以前的第1主成分、第2主成分相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.864、0.875;对错位前后胡杨树干液流速率与环境因子进行多元线性回归分析发现,在胡杨树干液流的数值模拟中,考虑液流相对于环境因子的时滞效应可以提高模型的拟合精度。     

1981—2010年台湾热不适指数之时空特征

本研究分析1981—2010年间台湾地区生物气象不适指数（Discomfort Index,DI）在空间上的分布及时间上变化的趋势,结果显示不适指数的区域差异及时间上变化和趋势均相当明显。以月平均来看,台湾主要都市有将近半年的不舒适时间（DI≥24）,而夏季7—8月份主要都市地区更达到极度不舒适的程度（DI≥27）。海拔〉600 m的山区全年的生物气象环境皆属于舒适的范围。1981—2010年全年DI≥24及DI≥27日数的分析结果显示,30年间台湾中南部都市不舒适和极端不舒适日数皆有显著增加的趋势,北部的都市则没有明显的变化,东部地区几个都市则没有一致的结果。夏季7—8月份每日主要都市气候极端不舒适（DI≥27）的状况由8：00开始一直持续至晚上18：00,而12：00—13：00甚至接近热逆压（DI≥29）的等级,对人体健康可能造成危害。此外30年间大多数测站从夜间至清晨,不适指数皆呈现上升的趋势,使得夏季的不舒适的时间延长同时不舒适的程度加剧。气候变迁可能导致人类生物气象环境的变化,对处于热带及副热带气候交界,且有剧烈地形变化的台湾,持续观察环境舒适程度的变动,以及在数据可获得条件下再深入比较不同指数的应用性,是极具潜力而值得努力的研究方向。     

海洋平台抛锚方式模糊优化设计方法

海上钻井平台由于工作地点经常发生变化,工作环境条件随之改变,锚泊抛锚方式就要相应更改。本文针对深海半潜平台及其悬链线式系泊定位系统,运用平台与锚链耦合运动时域分析方法,对其水动力性能进行探索,并提出一种运用模糊算法计算平台抛锚方式优化设计方法,此方法可使钻井平台在风暴自存工况和钻井工作工况下更快更好地找到最佳抛锚方式。以一典型的半潜式钻井平台为例进行数值模拟,结果表明本文提出的方法是可行的,能够很方便地找到比较好的抛锚方式来满足相关要求。这种锚泊优化设计方法可为平台及其系泊系统设计提供参考。     

圆弧板透空式防波堤消波性能试验研究

提出了一种由多层圆弧板组成的新型透空式防波堤结构,并对其在二维规则波浪作用下的消波性能进行了物理模型试验研究。在不同入射波高条件下,对圆弧板和水平板透空结构的消波性能进行了比较分析,探讨了圆弧板间距和层数对圆弧板透空式结构消波性能的影响。研究结果表明,圆弧板透空式结构的消波效果优于水平板式透空结构,在相对宽度为0.2时,可以使透射系数达0.5以下。随着圆弧板间距从0.15 m减小到0.05 m时,消波效果逐步提升,而圆弧板的层数对结构的消波性能也有一定影响。     

Effect of salinity on growth and first sexual maturity of Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950)

To determine the optimal salinity for growth and first sexual maturity of ExopaIaemon carinicauda, the effects of salinity on growth and reproductive performance of early juvenile prawns of E. carinicauda were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Postlarvae from the same female broodstock were reared at six salinity levels （5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30） for 12 weeks. The specific growth rate （SGR） and survival rate （SR） under different salinity levels in the first 6 weeks were calculated and compared. SGR was significantly influenced by salinity. Prawns reared in salinity of 10 grew significantly faster （P〈0.05） than those reared in salinities of 5, 20, 25, and 30. However, ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant effect among the six salinity levels on SR. For the next 6 weeks, the body length （BL）, body weight （BW） at the first sexual maturity, and the age at median sexual maturity （As0） of females were measured and compared. Female prawns reared at salinity of 10 presented significantly shorter A50, but no significant differences among the six salinity levels for BL and BW at the first sexual maturity were observed. Based on the above information, the optimal salinity for growth and first sexual maturity of juvenile E. carinicauda is approximately 10.     

Combined effects of light intensity and NH^＋4-enrichment on growth,pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera （Chlorophyta）

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulva prolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in natural or NH 4 +-enriched seawater under two different light intensities for 7 days, and then the growth rate, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of the thalli were evaluated. The results show that the relative growth rate(RGR) was markedly higher under the high light level than under the low light level. Enrichment with NH 4 + enhanced the RGR under high light intensity, but did not affect RGR under low light intensity. In low light conditions, NH 4 +-enrichment resulted in a marked decrease in the maximal photosynthetic rate( P m) and the maximum carbon fixation rate( V max), but it did not affect the half saturation constant for carbon( K 0.5) or the ratio of V max to K 0.5, which reflects the carbon acquisition efficiency. In high light conditions, P m, K 0.5, and the dark respiration rate( R d) increased under NH 4 + enrichment, but V max and the V max / K 0.5 ratio decreased. Regardless of the light intensity, NH 4 +-enrichment did not affect the apparent photosynthetic efficiency( α), which refl ects the ability of the alga to use light energy at low light levels. Under both low and high light intensities, the chlorophyll a(Chl a), chlorophyll b(Chl b), and carotenoids(Car) contents in thalli were higher in NH 4 +-enriched than in natural seawater, except that there was a decrease in the Chl b content of thalli in NH 4 +-enriched seawater under low light intensity. Therefore, NH 4 + enrichment improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera under high light intensity, but not under low light intensity. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these physiological responses.     

天津:地热开发攻破世界两大难题

正阅读提示:北方的供暖季,雾霾频频造访。于是,地热这一清洁能源逐渐受到关注。实际上,在天津,地热资源的开发利用已经走在世界前列,技术上先后攻破了基岩和孔隙型热储回灌两大世界难题,形成了在保护中开发、在开发中保护的良好机制。古人把从地壳裂隙深处涌出地面的热水喻为"金汤"。近年来,随着温泉、地热供暖等产业的发展,"金汤"盲目开采严重,一些地方的地热水位严重下降甚至枯竭。因此,加强地热水回灌成为地热管理工作的重中之重。在这方面,     

郑州所利用珍珠岩制备出高性能保温板材

日前,中国地调局郑州综合所研发的高性能珍珠岩外墙防火保温板材关键制备技术,在河南省信阳市“国家非金属矿工程技术研究中心信阳上天梯实验基地”完成生产线工业试验,并取得突破性成果。     

Effect of Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 Supplemented in Diets on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Sea Cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus）

The effect of a potential probiotic on the growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus） was investigated. Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 isolated from sea cucumber culturing ponds was added to sea cucumber basal feed as a probiotic in different doses（0, the control; 1×10^4（YD134）, 1×10^6（YD136） and 1×10^8（YD138） CFU g-1 of diet）, and administered orally to A. japonicus（initial mean wet weight 5.44 g ± 0.17 g）. The sea cucumbers were fed in 20 aquaria, 5 each treatment, for 60 d. At the end of growth trial, 20 sea cucumbers from each treatment were challenged with Vibrio splendidus. A. japonicus in YD134 and YD136 exhibited significantly better growth performance than control（P 〈0.05）. Five non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in coelomic fluid were measured to evaluate the immune response of A. japonicus to the probiotics. Results showed that all parameters were significantly improved when YD11 was supplemented in the dose of 1×10^6 CFU g^-1（P 〈0.05）. The cumulative incidence and mortality after the Vibrio splendidus challenge decreased significantly in sea cucumbers of YD136. Accordingly, 1×10^6 CFU g^-1 of YD13 in diet was recommended for the growth promotion and immune enhancement of A. japonicus.