The Wave Train Characteristics of Teleconnection Caused by the Thermal Anomaly of the Underlying Surface of the Tibetan Plateau. Part Ⅰ: Data Analysis

探讨了前期青藏高原下垫面热力结构异常对后期长江中下游地区降水的影响。通过资料分析揭示出长江中下游地区夏季降水异常前期冬、春季青藏高原下垫面三维热力结构强信号特征,即长江中下游夏季旱涝前期高原南部和北部各层次的地温距平呈反位相分布。从地面0cm到地下320 cm的地温距平分布为:涝年高原偏南部(30°N以南)为正,中部和北部(30°N以北)为负,旱年时相反。其中地温距平的大值区在 40 cm到160 cm层之间。同时揭示了北半球环流型对青藏高原下垫面热力异常可能产生遥响应,并形成季尺度低频波的传播,从而影响长江中下游地区后期的降水,反映了遥相关是区域性旱涝形成的一个动力机制。资料分析结果表明前期青藏高原下垫面三维热力结构异常是后期长江中下游地区降水异常的重要原因之     

河南省2002-01-12雷暴成因探析

利用实时资料,分析了2002-01-12河南省雷暴产生前后的大气能量和动力条件,揭示了雷暴的成因.     

青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCS)的数值模拟

A mesoscale convective system (MCS) developing over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on 26 July 1995 issimulated using the fifth version of the Penn State-NCAR nonhydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5). Theresults obtained are inspiring and are as follows. (1) The model simulates well the largescale conditionsin which the MCS concerned is embedded, which are the well-known anticyclonic Qinghai-Xizang PlateauHigh in the upper layers and the strong thermal forcing in the lower layers. In particular, the modelcaptures the meso-α scale cyclonic vortex associated with the MCS, which can be analyzed in the 500 hPaobservational winds; and to some degree, the model reproduces even its meso-β scale substructure similarto satellite images, reflected in the model-simulated 400 hPa rainwater. On the other hand, there aresome distinct deficiencies in the simulation; for example, the simulated MCS occurs with a lag of 3 hoursand a westward deviation of 3-5° longitude. (2) The structure and evolution of the meso-α scale vortexassociated with the MCS are undescribable for upper-air sounding data. The vortex is confined to thelower troposphere under 450 hPa over the plateau and shrinks its extent with height, with a diameter of4° longitude at 500 hPa. It is within the updraft area, but with an upper-level anticyclone and downdraftover it. The vortex originates over the plateau, and does not form until the mature stage of the MCS. Itlasts for 3-6 hours. In its processes of both formation and decay, the change in geopotential height fieldis prior to that in the wind field. It follows that the vortex is closely associated with the thermal effectsover the plateau. (3) A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted to investigate the impact of varioussurface thermal forcings and other physical processes on the MCS over the plateau. The results indicatethat under the background conditions of the upper-level Qinghai-Xizang High, the MCS involved is mainlydominated by the low-level thermal forcing. The simulation described here is a good indication that itmay be possible to reproduce the MCS over the plateau under certain large-scale conditions and with theincorporation of proper thermal physics in the lower layers.     

河南省2002—01—12雷暴成因探析

利用实时资料，分析了2002—01—12河南省雷暴产生前后的大气能量和动力条件，揭示了雷暴的成因。     

西宁地区沙尘暴天气的环流特征及其预报

通过青海省气象台建立的沙尘暴天气档案中影响西宁地区的23次沙尘暴天气个例，从高空环流形势、地面冷空气强度、热力不稳定条件三方面入手进行了分析，总结出了预报西宁地区沙尘暴天气的短期及短时预报着眼点。     

高原热力作用下的非绝热Rossby波

从含非绝热项的准地转运动方程组出发，分析了青藏高原大尺度热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的一些性质。从理论上证明当背景西风气流为正压时，冬季高原冷却作用有利于Roosby波的经向传播。又由非绝热Rossby波的频率方程说明冬季高原的热力作用是中高纬季节内振荡的重要激发机制。此外，当背景西风气流为斜压时，求解了高原热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的频率，并由频率方程说明冬季高原冷却作用有利于波动向不稳定方向发展，而夏季高原的大尺度热力作用对波动稳定性的影响存在临界值。     

高原春季一次强雨（雪）天气过程的物理量诊断分析

通过对2002年4月3日20时至4日08时青海省东部农业区强降水天气过程的物理量诊断分析，揭示了高原春季产生强降水天气过程的动力和热力条件，确定了产生这次高原春季强降水的一些物理特征量，加深了对强降水天气发生、发展的认识。     

辐散风作用下低频Rossby波的能量传播

文中研究了热力强迫所激发的辐散风对低频Rossby波能量传播的影响 ,推导出辐散风作用下的Rossby波的频散关系和群速度表达式。理论分析表明 :如果扰动流函数与速度势的位相差α∈ (0 ,π) ,那么辐散风将减小Ross by波的圆频率 ,增大群速度的纬向分量 ,加速Rossby波在纬向方向上的传播 ;辐散风对经向群速度的影响是比较复杂的。波射线的分析表明 ,在纬向基本气流为常数的情况下 ,辐散风作用下的低频Rossby波从初始位置到反射纬度的传播路径表现为一段光滑的大弧 ;对于周期为 30d、纬向波数k =3,4的Rossby波 ,当辐散风减弱时 ,波能量经向传播距离和纬向传播距离都增大。对于k =3的Rossby波 ,当辐散风减弱时 ,Rossby波的经向传播范围增大 ,但振幅强度减小。     

渤海海冰单点模式的气候模拟

利用PW1979海冰热力模式，考虑渤海的地理特点和气候特征，假设渤海为薄层海洋，引入二分法求解海冰表面温度。用该地区气候平均的云量、湿度、海平面气压和风速以及附近4站的月平均气温资料作为强迫场，模拟了渤海海冰的气候变化。模拟结果与逐年的海冰级数资料具有一致的变率，表明气温对海冰年际变化有重要影响。     

ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA AND THE ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCES OVER THE EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL

The relationships between the summer rainfall in China and the atmospheric heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the western Pacific warm pool were analyzed comparatively, using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data. The strong (weak) heat sou…