初始剪应力对软土场地震反应的影响

实际工程的边坡、斜坡以及挡土结构中的土体都存在一个初始剪应力的作用。在初始剪应力的作用下土体会产生较大的残余应变。然而,原始Iwan模型难以考虑这种因素的影响。因此,将软化模型引入Iwan串联模型中考虑循环软化的影响,同时再串联一理想刚塑性元件,模拟循环过程中产生的残余应变;最后,结合Masing准则对软黏土的动应力-应变关系进行了描述。在此基础上,将修正的Iwan模型用于软土层的一维非线性地震反应分析。通过分析发现,当场地存在初始剪应力且受到强震时,土体模型需考虑这种因素的影响,否则可能低估速度及加速度幅值,也会低估最大剪应变幅值     

海上风电机高桩基础关键参数试验研究

针对东海大桥近海风电场钢管桩高桩基础的相关工程参数开展了试验研究。通过水平静载荷现场试验测得了海上钢管直桩及斜桩的水平承载力,并采用自平衡测试法测得了桩基的竖向承载力。对波流力作用下连接及未连接平台的钢管桩进行了测试,获得了加速度时程曲线以及钢管桩固有频率。试验结果分析显示,正斜桩的水平承载性能优于直桩和反斜桩;钢管桩未连接平台时,在波流作用下的位移明显大于连接平台后;钢管桩的实测固有频率在1.05～1.3 Hz之间,斜桩的固有频率略高于直桩。试验结果已直接应用于该工程高桩基础设计中。     

上海软土场地三维非线性地震反应分析

考虑土的非线性,采用弹塑性边界面模型,对上海软土场地进行三维地震反应分析。利用多维地震动作用下的水平地层弹塑性动力反应分析程序,以具有水平和垂直三向完整加速度记录的Taft波作为地震输入,对比分析单向和多向地震输入场地水平和竖向地震反应特征,并分析不同强度地震动输入下竖向和水平加速度峰值比特征及地下水位变化对场地土层地震反应特征的影响。计算分析表明,竖向与水平向地震反应特征有较大差异;与水平单向地震输入相比,三向地震输入场地土层放大效应明显增大;地下水位上升对水平向和竖向峰值加速度的放大效应影响差异显著,地下水位上升,地表水平峰值加速度放大效应增大,竖向峰值加速度放大效应减小,研究结果对上海地区的工程抗震设计具有参考作用。     

输入界面对反应谱平台值的影响

为了研究输入界面对设计反应谱平台值(αmax)的影响,利用目前工程上广泛应用的场地地震反应的一维等效线性化波动方法,计算了4类场地在6种不同强度的地震动输入下的地表加速度反应谱。将计算得到的地表加速度反应谱拟合成建筑抗震设计规范规定的设计反应谱的形式,分析了输入界面的改变对反应谱平台值的影响。结果发现:Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地在较小强度地震动输入时,输入界面的改变对平台值影响较小,在大强度地震动输入时,对平台值的影响较大;对于Ⅰ类和Ⅳ类场地,输入界面的改变对平台值的影响较小。     

四川、甘肃地区VS30经验估计研究

目前我国建筑工程抗震设计规范中对于工程场地条件的判断依据主要是地表以下20m深度范围内土层的等效剪切波速,简称VS20。相比之下,国外应用较广的是地表以下30m深度范围内的等效剪切波速,简称VS30。这种差别导致国内科研工作者在应用国外的地震工程、工程抗震模型时经常遇到对场地条件描述不准确的困难。为了解决这个问题,本文根据147个四川、甘肃地区国家强震动台站20m左右深度的钻孔剪切波速数据,利用延拓方法、场地分类统计方法以及基于地形特征的VS30估计方法研究各台站VS30与VS20的经验关系,对比发现基于速度梯度延拓的结果最为可取。参考国际上通用的Geomatrix Classification场地分类标准,最终得到四川、甘肃地区各类场地的平均VS30,此结果可以为缺乏钻孔数据的工程场地的VS30估计提供参考。     

广西覆盖型岩溶区Ⅱ类场地地震效应分析

针对广西特殊的覆盖型岩溶区的场地地质条件,通过收集区内的393个地震工程地质钻孔,利用大量的剪切波速及土工测试资料,建立了土层地震动反应分析模型,采用一维波动的等效线性化方法,对Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2和Ⅱ3三个亚类分别计算得到了地表峰值加速度及相关反应谱,并拟合得到了规准化反应谱,定量分析了广西覆盖型岩溶区Ⅱ类场地地震动的效应。结果表明,三个亚类场地动力放大系数均较大,场地对反应谱平台值的放大作用与对峰值的放大作用并不一致;Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2和Ⅱ3峰值加速度放大倍数分别为1.17、1.31、1.26,而平台值的放大倍数分别为1.49、1.52、1.38;反应谱特征周期分别为0.26s、0.33s和0.39s,反应谱下降段受控于输入反应谱下降段;同时给出了场地反应谱平台值、特征周期和衰减系数的推荐值。上述结果可为确定广西覆盖型岩溶区设计地震动参数提供参考。     

A method for computing interstory drift spectra with consideration of gravity effects

Vertical loads such as gravity may have an important influence on the seismic response of buildings. In this paper, the continuous shear-beam model is extended to study the seismic demand of shear buildings with consideration of the gravity load effect under near-field ground motions. An analytical solution of the free motion equation of as gravity shear beam model is provided in terms of a Bessel series. A method for computing interstory drift spectra is proposed. The interstory drift spectra for two near-field records with distinct pulses are presented to illustrate the effects of gravity and the damping ratio. The interstory drift spectra are also used to analyze the spectral characteristics of near fault ground motion during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of the gravity load ratio, damping ratio and higher modes are investigated and discussed.     

Reduction of structural response to near fault earthquakes by seismic isolation columns and variable friction dampers

<正>This paper focuses on the investigation of a hybrid seismic isolation system with passive variable friction dampers for protection of structures against near fault earthquakes.The seismic isolation can be implemented by replacing the conventional columns fixed to the foundations by seismic isolating ones.These columns allow horizontal displacement between the superstructure and the foundations and decouple the building from the damaging earthquake motion.As a result, the forces in the structural elements decrease and damage that may be caused to the building by the earthquake significantly decreases.However,this positive effect is achieved on account of displacements occurring in the isolating columns.These displacements become very large when the structure is subjected to a strong earthquake.In this case,impact may occur between the parts of the isolating column yielding their damage or collapse.In order to limit the displacements in the isolating columns,it is proposed to add variable friction dampers.A method for selecting the dampers' properties is proposed.It is carried out using an artificial ground motion record and optimal active control algorithm.Numerical simulation of a seven-story structure shows that the proposed method allows efficient reduction in structural response and limits the displacements at the seismic isolating columns.     

冻土路基动力分析模型及青藏铁路地震灾害评估

在大量试验研究成果的基础上,运用冻土物理学、冻土力学、数值传热学、高等土力学及土动力学等基本理论,建立了冻土区道路及铁道工程路基的水-热-动力耦合数学模型（有效应力法）,并编制了相应的数值分析程序。最后,以青藏铁路某典型断面为例,对冻土铁路路基在地震荷载作用下的动力响应问题进行了系统分析,并评价了路基的地震安全稳定性。结果表明,提出的冻土路基动力分析模型合理,能较好地模拟冻土铁路路基的地震反应问题。另外,当发生设计烈度以下的地震时,青藏铁路路基不会产生严重破坏,经运营管理部门的维修后即可投入正常生产。     

黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及敏感性分析(英文)

Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959–2008. The result indicates that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50 years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff-producing area obviously decreases and the annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly.