基于人机交互技术的ETM+影像岩性信息提取方法研究——以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床为例

随着遥感应用技术飞速发展,及近年来高分辨率传感器的不断出现,人们对遥感影像的数字化处理也有了长足进步.但在遥感地质方面,由于"同物异谱"和"同谱异物"现象广泛存在,使计算机自动提取遥感影像上的岩性信息出现较大误差.完全人工解译虽准确率较高,但速度慢,如何将计算机自动提取与人工解译有效结合起来是本次研究的重点.文章以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床地区ETM 遥感影像为数据源,以计算机自动提取与人工解译相结合,根据已有地质资料,对该区ETM 遥感影像进行岩性信息提取.通过在包古图地区对提取模型进行验证,结果表明两者相互结合可以大大提高识别精度,为进一步地质工作提供良好的遥感信息.     

新疆乌什北山沉积型铝土矿地质特征及找矿标志

乌什北山铝土矿为沉积型,铝土矿主要形成于中石炭世.其找矿标志有地层﹑矿体颜色﹑岩石结构、放射性﹑岩溶角砾岩等标志.     

探地雷达在马来西亚某石灰岩工地探测实例

石灰岩地区地质条件比较复杂,进行建筑施工之前了解清楚石灰岩的起伏及岩溶破碎带的分布情况对分析地基的稳定性非常重要.马来西亚某石灰岩工地探地雷达探测实例显示,探测解释结果同钻孔验证结果基本吻合,说明利用探地雷达可以获得关于地基的地质信息,可为建筑设计和施工提供参考依据.     

上宫构造蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征及化探找金经验

上宫金矿位于河南省西部熊耳山北麓,在该区1 020 km²范围内进行了1:5万的地球化学水系沉积物测量,按水系划分取样单元,取样本着"小沟多取,支流放稀,大河不管"的原则进行。本次水系沉积物测量的特点是:取样少,控制面积大,速度快,省钱、省人、省物,找矿效果好、经济效益好。本区水系沉积物测量中所发现的金异常,后经异常检查、地质普查评价及钻探验证,确定为一大型构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

个旧“花岗岩凹陷带”、“花岗岩凹陷带构造”的提法是概念性错误

编者的话:这封来信对本刊2007年第三期刊载的一篇稿件中某些专业术语的使用提出了自己的看法,同时也提醒广大地质工作者要重视专业术语使用要注意准确性和规范化.本刊欢迎读者、作者就一些专业领域的学术问题展开交流或争呜,以活跃学界的学术气氛、促进地质科学的不断发展.     

遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用及发展前景

遥感技术作为矿产勘查的一种手段应用于找矿,并取得了一定成就.遥感技术的直接应用是蚀变遥感信息的提取,遥感技术的间接应用包括地质构造信息、植被的光谱特征及矿床改造信息等方面.遥感找矿具有很大的发展前景的领域主要有:高光谱数据、数据融合技术、3S的紧密结合、计算机技术的发展.     

Jurassic Tectonics of North China: A Synthetic View

This paper gives a synthetic view on the Jurassic tectonics of North China, with an attempt to propose a framework for the stepwise tectonic evolution history. Jurassic sedimentation, deformation and magmatism in North China have been divided into three stages. The earliest Jurassic is marked by a period of magmatism quiescence （in 205-190 Ma） and regional uplift, which are considered to be the continuation of the “Indosinian movement” characterized by continent-continent collision between the North and South China blocks. The Early to Middle Jurassic （in 190-170 Ma） was predominated by weak lithospheric extension expressed by mantle-derived plutonism and volcanism along the Yanshan belt and alongside the Tan-Lu fault zone, normal faulting and graben formation along the Yinshan- Yanshan tectonic belt, depression and resuming of coal-bearing sedimentation in vast regions of the North China block （NCB）. The Middle to Late Jurassic stage started at 165y.5 Ma and ended up before 136 Ma; it was dominated by intensive intraplate deformation resulting from multi-directional compressions. Two major deformation events have been identified. One is marked by stratigraphic unconformity beneath the thick Upper Jurassic molasic series in the foreland zones of the western Ordos thrust-fold belt and along the Yinshan-Yanshan belt; it was predated 160 Ma. The other one is indicated by stratigraphic unconformity at the base of the Lower Cretaceous and predated 135 Ma. During this last stage, two latitudinal tectonic belts, the Yinshan-Yanshan belt in the north and the Qinling-Dabie belt in the south, and the western margin of the Ordos basin were all activated by thrusting; the NCB itself was deformed by the NE to NNE-trending structural system involving thrusting, associated folding and sinistral strike-slip faulting, which were spatially partitioned. Foliated S-type granitic plutons aged 160-150 Ma were massively emplaced in the Jiao-Liao massif east of the Tan-Lu fault zone and indicate important crustal thicken     

Early Uplift History of the Tibetan Plateau:Records from Paleocurrents and Paleodrainage in the Hoh Xil Basin

Paleocurrent indicator data collected in field work were used to study the early Cenozoic regional paleodrainage patterns in the Hob Xil basin in northern Tibetan plateau. The paleocurrent directions of the Eocene Fenghuoshan Group obviously show that the flows were northward with a unidirectional dispersal pattern. This probably reflects the uplift of the Qiangtang terrain during the initial basin deposition period and indicates that the Tanggula Moutains occurred as topographic highlands at least in the Eocene. Paleoflows of the Oligocene Yaxicuo Group were dominantly oriented to the north and then flowed eastwards during its late deposition. This regional variability of paleodrainage patterns of the Yaxicuo Group is interpreted to record the dispersal style of sediments from transverse rivers to longitudinal river systems. It is inferred that the Oligocene uplift of the Kunlun Mountains obstructed by northward paleoflows and created longitudinal river systems parallel to the orogenic belts. The temporal and spatial changes of the paleodrainage patterns suggest that the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic was situated in the Hoh Xil area and its uplift has progressed northwards through time.     

Geologic Characteristics of Gas Reservoirs in West Sichuan Foreland Basin

The foreland basin in West Sichuan is a tectonic unit that has undergone multi-periods tectonic movements of Indosinian-Yanshanian-Himalayan. Since late Triassic, it has been in a passive subsidence environment controlled by basin margin mountain systems and by the compression with abundant sediment sources. With the complex geologic setting, the main geologic characteristics of natural gas reservoir are listed as following:(1)Source rocks are coal-bearing mud and shale series with high to over maturity, and long and progressive hydrocarbon generation-displacement period. The key accumulation period is middle-late Yanshanian epoch.(2)There are three gas-bearing systems vertically, each of which has different reservoir mechanism, main-controlled factors and distribution law, so the exploration thoughts and techniques are also different.(3)Undergoing multi-period generation-migration-accumulation, oil and gas have encountered multi-period modification or destruction, and gas accumulation overpass multiple tectonic periods. So the trap type is complicated and dominated by combination traps. Because the main accumulation period of natural gas is early and the reservoir encountered the modification of strong Himalayan movement, there is great difference in the fullness degree of gas reservoirs and complicated gas-water relation. (4) Reservoir is tight to very tight, but reservoirs of relatively high quality developed under the super tight setting. (5) The key techniques for oil and gas exploration in west Sichuan foreland basin are the prediction of relatively favorable reservoirs, fractures and gas bearing; and the key techniques for oil and gas development are how to improve the penetration rate, reservoir protection and modification.     

利用航磁数据识别浅覆盖区地质体的方法研究

在浅覆盖区,常规填图方法填制的地质图,由于信息量少导致整体质量不高.利用勘查技术方法来提高覆盖区地质填图的效率、质量和地质研究水平,具有重要的现实意义.航磁方法是其中的一种重要方法,但航磁测量获取的数据是磁异常迭加的综合反应,而区域地质填图仅描述地表附近的地质情况,直接利用航磁数据辅助地质填图是不合理的.因此,基于插值切割、数理统计和灰色关联度分析等方法,提出了一种剔除深部影响,利用浅层岩石磁性分布规律和磁性差异来识别浅覆盖区地质体的新思路.经选用黑龙江省塔河地区数据进行验证,识别效果明显.