全解灾难营救技术与设备

近年来,干旱暴雨肆虐,火山喷发,地震频繁造成的灾难不断,还有南北极冰消雪融、天崩地陷……除此之外,航海、航空、长途运输、科学考察、登山探险等人为活动中发生的灾难和事故,也在考验着人类。     

FEASIBLE STUDY ON THE INTEGRATION SYSTEM FOR THE SPACE MONITORING OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES IN TERRESTRIAL LAND

With the rapid development of space technology, earth observation technology and sky observatory technolo-gy, they have played a more and more important part in monitoring and predicting of earthquakes and volcanoes in the terres-trial land. In recent years, the related agencies have done the experiments and researches on monitoring and predicting ofearthquakes and volcanoes in the forewarning period by means of many approaches, such as satellite thermal infrared re-mote sensing (TIRS), Global Positioning System (GPS), differential interferometric synthesis aperture radar (D-INSAR),astronomical time-latitude residual anomaly, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), etc. A quite large number of re-search foundation has been built in the fundamental theories and application methods. The experiments and researcheshave shown that these technology is efficient methods for high frequency crust movement. If the existed separate scientificforces and results are possibly assembled together to form a more complete integration monitoring system with the combina-tion of space, sky observation, ground, deep geology and macro anomaly, it will come into a new stage of monitoring andpredicting of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.     

五大连池火山喷发观测史料被发现：老黑山火山喷发有新说法

本报讯 近日，五大连池火山考证取得新的进展。藏于清代黑龙江将军衙门档案中有关五大连池火山喷发的观测史料被发现，这些史料详细记述了我国境内最后一次大规模喷发的五大连池老黑山、火烧山火山喷发的时间、进程、火山堰塞湖的形成和当时清布特哈官兵对其观测丈量以及黑龙江将军向康熙皇帝奏报火山喷发的情况等。这部分档案全部为满文，为首次发现。     

火山的欢歌——中国五大边池世界地质公园揭碑侧记

2004年7月1日，是一个令五大连池人民难以忘怀的日子。由联合国教科文组织批准的中国五大连池世界地质公园，今天举行了隆重的揭碑仪式。     

国家地质公园又添五十三家：我省镜泊湖、兴凯湖名列其中

日前，由国土资源部、财政部、国家环保总局、国家旅游局和联合国教科文组织全委会等部门成员参加的第五次国家地质公园领导小组会议审定，山东泰山地质公园等53家地质公园成为国家地质公园，我省镜泊湖、兴凯湖分列第5位和第42位。至此，我省已有五大连池火山世界地质公园1处，嘉荫恐龙国家地质公园和伊春小兴安岭花岗岩石林国家地质公园、镜泊湖、兴凯湖国家地质公园4处。     

腾冲火山区地表垂直形变分析

对腾冲火山区1998～2000年的3期垂直形变资料进行了分析，进而利用相关资料得出与计算有关的参数，再用多元Mogi模型反演了岩浆房的位置和大小，所得出的结果与地震层析反演结果基本相似。分析反演结果，认为火山区可能存在多个岩浆房，并有岩脉相通。     

湖南桂阳柳塘岭铅锌矿成矿地质特征

柳塘岭铅锌矿是在锰矿开采的基础上发现的、深埋于地下隐伏矿床,位于南岭纬向构造带东段北缘与耒阳—临武经向构造带中段之复合部位的复式向斜中,铅锌矿体产于石炭系上统(C₁s)的不整合面之上,受石炭系上统浅变质细碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩控制,具有典型的喷流沉积型特征。     

The ＂CO2-rich gas vents＂ of Mt. Amiata volcano （Tuscany, Central Italy）： Geochemistry,genetic mechanism and hazard evaluation

Mt. Amiata （Southern Tuscany, Central Italy） is an extinct Quaternary volcano located in an area still marked by high heat-flow that is caused by deep seated （6-10 km） hot masses related to Pliocene magmatic activity. The anomalous geothermal gradient gives rise, within the Mesozoic limestone formation （Tuscan series）, to geothermal systems that fed the Ca-SO4 thermal springs characterizing this area. Besides of thermal fluids, several cold, dry CO2-rich gas emissions seep out on the NE flank of the volcano. These gas vents mostly consist of large sub-circular craters at variable depth and diameter （5-15 m and 10-50 m, respectively）, and represent a serious hazard for the local population, as testified by the several asphyxia casualties that have been repeatedly occurred within these morphological depressions. In this work, the chemical and isotopic compositions of the Mt. Amiata ＂CO2-rich gas vents＂ and the estimation of both the CO2 flux from the soil and the CO2 distribution in air of their surroundings, has been carried out in order to： （1） assess the origin of gases, （2） recognize the mechanism of formation for these gas emissions and their relationship with local tectonics, and （3） to evaluate the CO2 hazard in the high flux emanations. The chemical composition of the gases is largely dominated by CO2 （up to 98 % by vol） and shows relatively high concentrations of N2, CH4 and H2S （up to 1.1%, 0.9% and 3.9 % by vol, respectively）. These features, coupled with the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures, suggest that the origin of the main gas compounds may be related to the contribution of deep （i.e., thermometamorphic processes on carbonate formations for CO2） and shallow （i.e. thermal decomposition of organic material for CH4, N2 and H2S） sources.     

活动星系的非相对论性外流

活动星系核有两类常见外流，相对论性的射电喷流和非相对论性的物质外流，前者主要在射电强的适动星系核中，以非热辐射为特征，非相对论性外流主要通过紫外吸收线观测到，总结了类星体非对论性外流的一些性质及其X射线观测给出了的问题，指出现有的观测表明非相对论性外流引起的质量损失很重要。     

海尔—波普彗星的一个可能的巨大等离子体喷流

１９９６年９月１１日，使用上海天台１．５６ｍ望远镜和Ｓｅｒｉｓ２００ＣＣＤ照相机，在Ｂ波段发现海尔－波普彗星有一个巨大的喷流，初步认定为等离子喷流。