附着生物对流沙湾喜盐草光合强度的影响

从2014年10月至2015年7月,对广东流沙湾海草床3个海岸带(远岸带A、中海岸带B及近岸带C)中的喜盐草(Halophila valios)进行了季节性调查,研究喜盐草上附着生物的现存量、叶绿素a含量的季节变化及其对喜盐草的光合速率的影响。结果发现,附着生物的现存量及叶绿素a含量存在明显的季节性,其变化依次为春季﹥冬季﹥夏季﹥秋季,春季达到最高峰,两者含量分别为0.605 mg/g和0.118 mg/g,且在近岸带附着生物的含量要略高于中海岸带和远岸带。附着生物对喜盐草的光合速率存在着明显的抑制效应,并随含量的增加,其抑制作用增强。在春季,最大光合抑制率可达50.72%,冬、夏季次之,分别为47.13%和37.15%,在附着生物含量最低的秋季,抑制率也可达30.61%。由此表明,水体中营养盐浓度的增加会促使喜盐草上附着生物不断生长和累积,进而导致喜盐草的衰亡加速。     

应用沉降速率推算剩余沉降及卸载时间

在地基处理工程中工后沉降和沉降速率是卸载的重要标准，次固结沉降可以估算在一定范围内，工后沉降满足要求与否则主要由剩余主固结沉降控制。基于砂进固结理论和Asaoka方法可以推算出在堆载预压任意时间的沉降速率，运用沉降速率和剩余主固结沉降的关系，就可以推算出任意时间的主固结剩余沉降及卸载时间。在深圳—香港西部通道填海及地基处理工程中，此方法应用效果较好。     

郯庐断裂带安徽段及“霍山窗”断层活动特征与地震关联性研究

利用郯庐断裂带安徽段及“霍山窗”区域的跨断层水准测量资料,运用断层形变累积率及年滑动速率比方法计算各测线近20 a的观测数据,研究区域内断层活动及能量积累的整体空间演化特征,梳理各测点所跨断裂带的断层形变特征及变化过程,从空间分布和时间演化的角度探讨断层活动特征与安徽及邻近地区中强地震的关联性。结果显示：1）郯庐断裂带安徽段断层形变累积率总体高于“霍山窗”区域,震前存在高值聚集、区域分界、高密度低值梯度带等特征,显示震前的应力积累背景;2）安徽地区断层活动明显受郯庐断裂带整体活动的影响,区域性差异和阶段性变化显著;3）断层形变的年滑动速率比异常对地震活动的判断具有一定的指示作用,主要表现为震前2个月~1 a的高值异常及多个测点的群体性异常等特征,随着震级的增大,异常分布范围和变化幅度均有所增大。     

天马台断层活动与地震的关系

利用1996～2008年天马台的定点跨断层场地的水准测量资料分析长乐-诏安断裂带的现今活动特征及其与地震的关系。结果表明：W—E测段活动速率最高,S—E测段活动速率次之,W—S测段活动速率最小。断层各段以压性逆断为主,与地质考察结果基本一致。同时讨论了断层活动与地震关系．认为3次准同步转折均与地震密切有关。     

洋中脊构造及地震调查现状

介绍了洋中脊的全球分布和构造特征,对全球主要的、不同扩张速率的洋中脊进行了分类和列表描述;对洋中脊的构造特征,如地形特征、地壳厚度与扩张速率的关系及扩张轴下的岩浆房的特征、洋中脊与地幔柱的相互作用进行了阐述。回顾了海底地震仪在洋中脊构造调查中的应用及取得的主要成果。简要介绍了我国将用海底地震仪开展洋中脊构造调查的技术路线。     

北京天津地区垂直形变剖面复测结果的GPS检验

利用北京和天津地区的28个GPS连续观测站资料（资料截至2008年8月）计算得到的垂直向时序结果,分析各个GPS连续观测站垂向分量的变化特征,计算得到2007～2008年北京天津地区GPS站垂直运动速率,并与水准测量计算得到的2007～2008首都圈地区垂直形变速率进行比较;通过寻找水准测量路线附近的GPS站点,相应于水准的初测和复测时段,计算得到GPS路线剖面图,将GPS与水准2个时段的剖面结果进行对比分析。通过水准和GPS结果的这种“由面到线”的综合比较分析,得出初步的结论：从趋势上看,GPS与水准的结果是相似的,GPS结果同样反映了2008年北京东南附近区域有隆升的迹象,但量值比水准结果小,水准结果所反映的“南升北降”的特征在GPS结果中得到一定程度的验证和体现。     

Effects of Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas

The effects of a diet containing Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on growth and digestive enzyme activity were estimated in juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Groups of sea cucumbers were fed diets containing H. opuntiae C21 at 0(control), 10 4, 10 5, and 10 6 CFU(colony-forming units)/g feed. Results showed that after 45 d the specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumbers fed a C21-supplemented diet at 10 4 CFU/g feed was significantly higher than that of the control( P 0.05). Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by C21 administration at 10 4 and 10 5 CFU/g feed compared with the control( P 0.05). After feeding for 23–42 d, C21 was demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to be present in the intestine of sea cucumbers. In addition, after feeding the C21-supplemented diets for 15 d, the sea cucumbers were switched to an unsupplemented diet and C21 was confirmed to be capable of colonizing the intestine for at least 31 d after cessation of feeding. In conclusion, C21 was shown to successfully colonize the intestine of juvenile A. japonicus via dietary supplementation, and improve growth and digestive enzyme activity.     

A Comparison of Conventional and Shear-Rate Dependent Mohr-Coulomb Models for Simulating Landslides

Landslides may cause many fatalities and heavy economic losses,so it is vital to understand their mechanics so as to take appropriate measures to mitigate their risk.Phenomenally,the loose soil behaves like frictional material in most circumstances,so Mohr-Coulomb type equations are often used to describe their movement.However,these models generally do not consider the influence of the shearrate on the Mohr-Coulomb friction angle,so the shear-rate dependence effect on the soil flow and landslide runout is not well understood.This paper reports on an application of the incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics（SPH） method to the dynamics of dry granular assemblies.The traditional model with a constant friction angle is compared with the modified Mohr-Coulomb model with a variable friction angle related to the shear-rate.It is found that the shear-rate dependence effect is negligible for shallow granular flows along mild slopes.With steeper slopes of the ground and larger aspect ratios of the initial soil column,the rate-dependence effect becomes more important.     

地震引起地球自转速率变化的分析

由地震引起地球内部质量重新分布将影响地球惯量量矩的变化，从而引起地球自转速率的变化，即日长的变化。一般说，大地震产生大的附加位移违抗和。它对地球自转特性有影响。本文采用Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ目录中１９７７－１９９４年产的地震有关参数，和根据地震激发地球自转的变化理论及Ｄａｈｌｅｒ和Ｌａｍｂｅｃｋ有关公式计算了地震引起地球辆向惯量矩的变化。结果表明：由单个地震引起的日长变化要比观测值小几个量级，它的累积效应