“向大海要水喝”的问题与建议

有人说,新世纪人类面临的最大挑战莫过于水资源危机！此言不无道理。我国即是一个严重缺水的国家。在一个拥有１３亿人口的国度,其淡水资源量仅占世界水资源总量的７％,人均拥有水量为２３００立方米左右,是世界平均值的 １／４。全国 ３００余座城市缺水,严重缺水的就有１００多个。随着经济发展与社会进步,城市工业与生活用水量还在迅速增加,淡水供需矛盾愈加突出。     

Design ofVibrio 16S rRNA gene specific primers and their application in the analysis of seawaterVibrio community

The pathogenic species of genus Vibrio cause vibriosis, one of the most prevalent diseases of maricultured animals and seafood consumers. Monitoring their kinetics in the chain of seafood production, processing and consumption is of great importance for food and mariculture safety. In order to enrich Vibrio-representing 16S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） fragments and identify these bacteria further real-timely and synchronously among bacterial flora in the chain, a pair of primers that selectively amplify Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments were designed with their specificities and coverage testified in the analysis of seawater Vibrio community. The specificities and coverage of two primers, VF169 and VR744, were determined theoretically among bacterial 16S rDNAs available in GenBank by using BLAST program and practically by amplifying Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments from seawater DNA. More than 88.3% of sequences in GenBank, which showed identical matches with VR744, belong to Vibrio genus. A total of 33 clones were randomly selected and sequenced. All of the sequences showed their highest similarities to and clustered around those of diverse known Vibrio species. The primers designed are capable of retrieving a wide range of Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments specifically among bacterial flora in seawater, the most important natural environment of seafood cultivation.     

226Ra and 228Ra in the seawater of the western Yellow Sea

1Introduction Therearefourradiumisotopesinnature,ofwhich224Ra,226Raand228Rahavebeenwidelyinvestigated inmarineresearch,butthespecificactivityof223Rais toolowtobemeasured,therefore,itsapplicationsarelimited(Moore,1969;Broeckeretal.,1976;KuandLin,1976;Nozak…     

FEM for stability analysis against overturning of portal water injection sheet pile

Portal water injection sheet pile （PWISP）, as a retaining wall, appeared in seashore engineering in 2000. Although there have been many systematic methods addressing the issue, there are very few focusing on the new structure because of the difficulties in defining the earth pressure between the two piles. A new method is proposed in this paper to obtain the earth pressure between the PWISPs. Stability analysis against overturning follows as a consequence. Using Finite Element Analysis （FEA） software ANSYS, both the nonlinear characteristics of the soil and those of the contact elements are taken into account to obtain the earth pressure distribution on the contact surface. Based on the results of the FEA, Rankin＇s theory and the slip plane theory, the formula of the earth pressure on the inner surfaces between the piles is given. Assuming the PWISP as the analysis object and the earth pressure as an outside force acting upon it, the equation of stability against overturning of the PWISP is presented. Finally, some parameters are discussed about the stability of the PWISP against overturning, such as the embedded depth of the front pile, the distance between the two rows of piles, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of the earth. The results show that the increase of the cohesion and the internal friction angle will decrease the distance and the embedded depth, and therefore enhance the stability against overturning. Specifically, when the distance is 1/3-2/3 of the maximal excavation depth, the two rows of piles give the best performance in stability.     

东营近岸海域重金属元素分布特征与环境质量评价

根据在东营近岸海域采集的表层沉积物测试结果,系统研究了该区沉积物类型和重金属元素分布特征,并对其环境质量进行了评价.结果 表明:东营近岸海域沉积物类型主要有5种,以砂质粉砂和粉砂为主.表层沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr和As元素的平均含量分别为0.019、0.12、21.53、22.4、73.02、6...     

胶州湾海水淡化浓海水排放对大型底栖动物群落的影响

根据 2022 年 3 月在胶州湾海水淡化浓海水排放邻近海域开展的 8 个站位大型底栖动物调查资料,分析该海域大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,探讨海水淡化浓海水排放对大型底栖动物群落的影响。结果显示：共采集到大型底栖动物 4 大类 52 种,其中多毛类 23 种,节肢动物和软体动物各 14 种,纽形动物 1 种,分别占种数的 44.3%、26.9%、26.9%和 1.9%。调查海域相对重要性指数 （Index of Relative Importance,IRI） 值不小于 500 的大型底栖动物有 5 种,分别为寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 （Nephtys oligobranchia）、膜质伪才女虫 （Pseudopolydora kempi）、凸壳肌蛤（Musculus senhousia）、砂海螂 （Mya arenaria） 和日本大眼蟹 （Macrophthalmus japonicus）。大型底栖动物平均栖息密度和生物量分别为 1 194 ind/m2和 24.07 g/m2。Shannon 多样性指数、Margalef 丰富度指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数的均值分别为 2.35、1.65 和 0.59。与历史资料对比,本次调查大型底栖动物类群相似,但平均生物量、栖息密度及优势种都有明显变化。本文可为科学评估海水淡化浓海水排放生态影响评价提供参考依据。     

辽河口沉积物中参与主要生物地化循环的微生物功能基因分析

辽河口区域丰富的生物多样性在生物地球化学循环和维持生态系统功能等方面发挥着极其重要的作用.研究辽河口表层沉积物中参与常见地球化学循环的功能基因及其关键影响因子,对揭示和预测辽河口沉积物微生物的功能代谢潜力和受环境变化的影响具有重要意义.应用功能基因芯片(GeoChip 4.0)技术开展微生物功能基因多样性研究.结果 表...     

环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策

本文中阐述了环渤海沿海地区海（成）水入侵的主要方式、发展进程、影响因素等基本特征,提出海（成）水入侵的综合防治对策。研究区海（成）水入侵主要有面状、带状、脉状或树枝状和越流等4种入侵方式。气候、地形地貌、地质与水文地质是发生海（成）水入侵的基础条件,地下水超采等人类不合理工程经济活动是诱发海（成）水入侵的主要原因。通过调整产业结构、建立节水型社会体系,合理规划利用水土资源,建造阻成蓄淡工程,跨流域引水,以及建立健全监测预警系统等综合措施,防止海（成）水入侵的发展。     

250kaB.P.以来西太平洋暖池中心区——Ontong Java海台古生产力演化

多年平均表层水温超过28℃的"西太平洋暖池",是全球海平面高度的加热中心和大气三大环流的辐散中心。为评价西太平洋暖池中心区域海洋生物泵的演化特征、规律与机制,本文以位于热带西太平洋暖池核心区——Ontong Java海台的WP7柱状样为材料,通过提取浮游有孔虫^δ13C组成、底栖有孔虫群落和钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda相对百分含量变化等指标,反演该区250kaB.P.以来的古生产力的演化历史。研究结果表明,250kaB.P.以来西太平洋暖池中心区的古生产力演化与地球轨道变化控制的冰期-间冰期旋回以及岁差控制的太阳辐照率密切相关。在冰期-间冰期尺度上,西太平洋暖池中心区距今250ka以来的生产力变化间冰期明显低于冰期,而且在间冰期阶段生产力相对稳定,冰期波动幅度较大。在冰期或间冰期背景下显著的岁差周期是该区古生产力演化的又一重要特征。而且在岁差波段生物生产力的变化可能领先极地冰体积变化2～4ka左右。热带东西太平洋的古生产力演化在冰期-间冰期变化和岁差尺度上存在ENSO式的变动机制,而且二者互相调谐,产生了似30ka和19ka周期,并出现了"半30ka周期"和半岁差周期。此外,WP7孔Neogloboqudrina dutertrei的^δ13C显示在MIS 1/2,MIS 3/4和MIS 5e/6的冰期向间冰期的过渡期的冰消期阶段存在变轻事件,可能与数千年尺度的大洋环流演化有关。     

桓台县土壤地球化学背景值及分区特征

通过对桓台县域内表层土壤开展1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查与评价工作,统计了表层土壤地球化学参数,厘定了桓台县土壤地球化学背景值,并与山东省、淄博市元素平均值进行对比,发现土壤元素中Se、有机质、N,Zn,P,Hg,Cd,V,F,I含量明显偏高于山东省土壤均值;土壤元素中Se,I,P,N,Hg,Cd含量明显偏高于淄博市土...