福建三沙湾滩涂表层沉积物污染物特征及生态风险评价

为了解福建三沙湾滩涂表层沉积物污染现状,对三沙湾滩涂表层沉积物中7种重金属污染物(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As)、非金属污染物(有机碳、硫化物、油类、总磷和总氮)含量及氧化还原电位Eh、pH值进行了检测及相关性分析,并应用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其进行综合评价。结果表明,表层沉积物重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As平均含量分别为20.9、49.9、110.4、0.136、46.6、o.028、6.64 mg/kg,油类、硫化物、有机碳、总磷、总氮平均含量分别为36.5 mg/kg、38.4 mg/kg、0.76%、0.42%、0.12%。Eh变化范围在-178~171 mV之间,平均值为-56.4mV,pH的变化范围在6.74~7.06,均值是6.91。除Cu和Zn外,其他各重金属之间没有显著相关性(P0.05);除重金属Cu与有机碳和总氮、Zn与总氮、Hg与油类之间存在着显著或极显著相关关系外(P0.05),其他重金属与非金属污染物之间相关性均不显著(P0.05);非金属污染物之间相关系数较低;Eh与硫化物呈现显著相关(P0.05)。重金属单因子指数依次为Pb(2.00)Zn(1.38)Cr(0.78)Cu(0.70)As(0.44)Cd(0.27)Hg(0.14),Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr、As为低污染,Pb、Zn为中污染;重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为1.53,属中污染水平。单项重金属潜在生态风险参数依次为Pb(9.98)Cd(8.16)Hg(5.52)As(4.43)Cu(3.49)Cr(1.55)Zn(1.38),潜在生态风险指数(RI)为34.51,属于低潜在生态风险。该滩涂属于两种非金属污染物含量超标中的N、P含量超标亚类。     

崎岖列岛海域沉积物粒度特征比较研究

崎岖列岛海域表层沉积物平均粒径在0.1~0.2mm之间的细砂通常具有较好的分选性,平均粒径细于4Φ的沉积物通常分选性较差;平均粒径在4.5Φ~7.5Φ的沉积物通常表现为正偏态,且粒度越粗,偏度越正偏;平均粒径粗于4Φ的砂质沉积物偏度无显著的正偏或负偏倾向;崎岖列岛海域中值粒径位于4Φ~5Φ的样品数较少,因该粒级位于悬移质与跃移质之间。     

海底峡谷水动力系统研究

海底峡谷作为海洋中油气勘探的重要指示器和富集场所,研究其复杂的水动力系统变得十分重要。海底峡谷中水动力系统包括了重力流、浊流、潮汐/内潮汐、内波、底层流、上升流和高密度陆架瀑布流(Dense Shelf Water Cascading)等要素,与峡谷外有明显的不同。首次从海底峡谷水动力系统的综合概况出发,研究了水动力作用对峡谷的侵蚀、沉积物的搬运与沉积以及特殊生态系统的塑造,总结分析了峡谷中水动力系统的主要研究手段。结果表明,海底峡谷中的水动力作用由于成因不同,各自的表现特征也不一样;重力流、内潮汐、上升流等水动力作用对峡谷的形态地貌、物质搬运以及生态系统的影响较为显著;对于常用的4种水动力系统的研究方法而言,其研究背景各不相同,且存在一定的局限性。本文为我国海底峡谷水动力系统的研究起到了一定的指导作用。     

莱州湾东岸三山岛段砂质海岸沉积物运移动力机制

通过对三山岛岸段冬夏重复的地形测量和表层沉积物的粒度分析,研究了其地貌特征与地形变化规律、沉积物类型、粒度特征、运移趋势,并探讨了沉积物运移的动力机制。结果表明:该岸段可根据1985黄海高程-1.2m(低潮水位)和-6.5m(闭合深度)平面划分为海滩、水下岸坡和浅海陆架三个地貌单元,各地貌单元表层沉积物分布规律与地形变化特征区别显著。其中水下岸坡和浅海陆架地貌单元主要受潮流作用,海滩地貌单元主要受波浪作用。在西向落潮流和西南向潮余流的作用下,水下岸坡地貌单元发育一个中等规模潮流通道-沙脊沉积系统。表层沉积物以向西运移的趋势为主,少数滞留于西部潮流沙脊处,与地形"东侵西淤"的变化规律相符,这些西向运移的沉积物最终离开研究区,补给莱州浅滩。     

淤泥质潮滩沉积物含水量遥感反演模型研究

潮滩沉积物含水量是表征潮滩地物信息的一个重要特征量,它影响着遥感提取潮滩地物信息的准确性。利用含水量-反射率指数衰减模式建立单波段模型,同时参考4种植被指数的形式构建含水量指数,建立适用于潮滩环境的含水量反演波段组合模型,实现了沉积物含水量的遥感反演。研究结果显示:对反射率数据利用干土反射率进行归一化处理后构建的NEWCI(Normalized Enhanced Water Content Index)归一化增强型含水量指数模型的含水量反演效果最佳。在含水量结果中,除了砂类别反演的确定性系数R2为0.675以外,粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、粘土质粉砂等4种沉积物类型反演的确定性系数均在0.83以上;当不考虑沉积物类型时,NEWCI指数模型的反演精度也达到0.8,RMSE为0.059,表明NEWCI指数模型对沉积物类型不敏感,且能够保持较高的含水量模拟精度,因而适合潮滩沉积物含水量的大范围预测。其反演结果可在潮滩地物信息遥感反演时有效削弱水分的影响,进而提高地物信息提取的效率。     

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

浅谈应用综合勘查技术进行地质找矿

目前就地质找矿而言,勘查手段是多种多样的,现在常用的找矿方法按其原理可分为地质方法、地球化学方法和地球物理方法三大类。地质方法包括地质填图法、砾石找矿法和重砂找矿法等;地球化学方法包括岩石、水系沉积物、土壤、生物、同位素、水化学和气体测量等地球化学测量等;地球物理方法包括磁法、电法、地震法、重力法、放射性法等。     

Are assemblages of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata enhanced in sediments beneath offshore fish cages?

Abundances of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata were counted through a monitoring assessment study of fish cages in Barranco Hondo（NE Tenerife）. Seven campaigns were conducted from November 2007 to June 2010 and temporal variations were found, as well as differences among sampling stations. The polychaete H. carunculata obtained its highest abundance in sediments beneath fish cages throughout the study period. Thus, the assemblages of this omnivorous species were favoured by the presence of fish cages.