日本的沙丘地及其农业利用

日本海岸地带原有沙丘地240000公顷,约占国土总面积的0.64％.早在17～18世纪日本就已开始在海岸地带造林固沙,至今几乎所有沙丘地都已固定并且被用作农田、房屋及工厂建设用地.本文介绍了日本海岸沙丘地农业利用现状.     

湖沼沉积——过去变化的信息库

地球系统的变迁历史储存在形形色色的信息库中,但是,这些信息库恰如一场洪水后的图书馆,计算机索引不见了,教科书冲跑了,所能见到的文献亦残缺不全了。在这个劫后废墟上,我们一开始所能找到的只是一大堆百科全书和文献,阅读这些材料显然是十分冗长乏味的。只有通过极为细致的搜寻,才能偶尔见到少量保存完好的珍品。     

Element Abundances of China‘s Continental Crust and Its Sedimentary Layer and Upper Continental Crust

China’s continental crust (CCC) has an average thickness of 47km, with the upper continental crust (CUCC) being 31 km and the sedimentary layer(CSL) 5 km in thickness. The CCC, CUCC and CSL measure 12.437 × 10⁻¹⁷, 8.005 × 10⁻¹⁷ and 1.146 × 10¹⁷ metric tons in mass, respectively. The mass ratio of the upper continental crust to the lower one is 1.8:1. The element abundances were calculated for the CCC, CUCC and CSL respectively in terms of the chemical compositions of 2246 samples of various types and some complementary trace element data. The total abundance of 13 major elements accounts for 99.6% of the CCC mass while the other minor elements only account for 0.4%. REE characteristics, the abundance ratios of element pairs and the amounts of ore-forming elements are also discussed in the present paper.