Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.     

省厅要闻

正省委省政府主要领导对王世元副部长调研湟水流域高标准基本农田整治重大项目情况作批示9月4日,省委书记骆惠宁和省长郝鹏分别在《青海省国土资源厅关于湟水流域高标准基本农田整治重大项目有关情况的报告》上作出了重要批示:"此事推动有力"、"此事抓得好"。8月29日,国土资源部党组成员、副部长王世元带领相关司局负责人,对估算投资49.44亿元的湟水流域高标准基本农田整治重大项目进行了现场调研。     

Recent Change of the South Asian High

This paper investigates the variability of the summer （May-September） South Asian Iligh （SAIl） for the period 1979-2012. Results show that the intensity and the area of the summer SAH decreased around 2002 at the decadal scale; and the East Asian westerly jet suppressed at the north edge of the SAH, which is consistent with the SAH variation. The precipitation pattern over eastern China also shifted during the same periods, with increased rainfall in the Huang-Huai River region and South China and decreased rainfall in the Yangtze River region. The relationship between the two variations is evidently strengthened via changes in moisture flux.     

江淮流域夏季降水的准两年振荡特征及其关联因子分析

利用1951—2010年我国江淮流域11个测站夏季(6—8月)降水资料和NCAR提供的北半球月平均海平面气压场资料以及相关的西太平洋副高指数资料,采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换及相关分析等方法讨论了降水准两年振荡现象的年际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风、副高的关系。结果表明,准两年振荡分量在江淮地区夏季降水场的年际振荡中十分重要,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程;同时降水与夏季风强度及副高脊线位置的准两年变化均存在较好的同期相关,彼此间的相互影响还体现在年际尺度上,并分别在4 a和1 a时间尺度上有明显的滞后、超前关系。     

因子分析在海河流域石油类污染综合评价中的应用(英文)

基于因子分析对2012~2013年海河流域pH、DO、COD、BOD5、氨态氮和总石油烃等6项水质指标的监测数据进行统计,并对其中四项指标进行水污染综合指数评估,旨在对海河水质进行较为系统的评价。结果显示,BJ1和HB2两个站位水质属于Ⅳ类标准,其余各站位均为Ⅴ类;各站位综合评价结果得到海河流域指数为1.44,说明海河流域处于污染状态,其污染程度超过该流域功能区的标准。因子分析发现,COD、DO和NH3-N之间差异显著(P0.05);主成分分析显示,除pH和BOD5外,其余指标都在0.70以上;COD、DO、NH3-N和TPH的贡献率较高,其中总石油烃的贡献率为100%,因此可以认为该海域的污染类型属于有机污染,且石油烃污染较为突出。     

汉江流域硫铁矿区厚子河支流水质评价研究

为查明厚子河不同区域河水受硫铁矿污染的程度,在厚子河支流4个典型河流断面采集水样,开展水质全分析测试,并采用单因子评价法和综合水质标识指数法进行评价分析。研究结果表明: (1)运用单因子评价法对硫铁矿区厚子河水质评价的结果无差异,均为劣Ⅴ类水; 而运用综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,距离硫铁矿开采区由近及远的4个断面HZ001、HZ002、HZ003、HZ004的综合水质标识指数逐渐下降,水质类别分别为劣Ⅴ类且黑臭、劣Ⅴ类但不黑臭、Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类,符合现场调查的实际情况,能够反映距离污染源越远时河水水质趋好的总体态势; (2)综合水质标识指数法不仅可以客观反映同一河流各个断面所处的综合水质类别、同一水质类别中受污染的不同程度以及与水环境功能区类别的比较结果,而且能够实现对劣V类水质污染程度的精细划分,相较于单因子评价法更加客观、科学、全面,适用于矿山开采等重污染区域河流断面水质污染情况的研判。     

Suitability evaluation of rural residential areas under the threat of geological disasters:A case study in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City

At present, the research on the layout of rural residential areas in the mountainous environment under the threat of earthquake disasters and frequent geological disasters is still rare. Taking Yinchanggou watershed in Longmenshan Town of Pengzhou City as an example, based on the summary of the geological hazard development characteristics in this area, the authors carried out the hazard risk zoning through 8 indexes. Then the geological hazard risk zoning was used as the primary factor to evaluate the suitability of rural residential areas. Besides, combined with the topographical conditions, socio-economic situation and ecological environment, a suitable evaluation index system for rural residential land under the threat of geological disasters was constructed, with the restrictive conditions of extremely high-risk areas, single geological hazards, slopes ≥25° and basic farmland protection areas. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the suitability of residential land in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City. The results show that high suitability areas account for 4.2% of the total area of the study area, moderate suitability areas 11.4%, low suitability areas 10.5%, and unsuitable areas 73.8%. The “suitable” areas for rural residential land are mainly distributed along the highway, and some are multiple “blocky” concentrated distribution areas. The terrain is flat and the traffic condition is convenient, which can provide some guidance for the selection of new rural residential locations.     

新疆开都河流域主要地貌形态特征研究

自然环境组成要素中没有一个要素与地貌形态无相互影响,人类的任何一个生产活动也与地貌形态具有密切联系.以新疆开都河流域地貌形态为研究对象,探讨流域尺度地貌形态类型、不同地貌形态的空间变异特征.在开都河流域实地考察、制图分析、对地貌形态分类和测定不同地貌类型的面积和相对高度、各地貌类型相互影响的数据基础上,采用地貌类型学和地统计学的方法,对研究区的地貌形态进行了制图分类及其特征变异分析,并采用GIS定位测定方法,做出开都河流域的地貌类型空间数字地图.结果表明:开都河流域地貌形态复杂多样,虽然开都河流域是以天山山脉中段南麓的山间盆地——焉耆盆地为中心,但是在流域中陆地上的地貌类型均有分布.该流域是典型的封闭性盆地地貌为主,多种地貌形态并存而交叉分布;该流域由三个盆地地貌单元组成,表现出山间盆地地貌类型的环状分布特点.     

西江枯季径流退水系数与流域特征关系研究

文章采用基于遗传算法的经典退水曲线对西江上游主要站点枯季日平均流量进行研究,所率定的退水系数经验证精度较好,能够反映所在流域的径流特性。通过退水系数与流域面积、下垫面性质、植被覆盖度、多年平均径流深等流域特征关系的分析,发现退水系数值(1)对降雨和蒸散发的变化不敏感,整体上随流域面积和植被覆盖度的增加而减小;(2)随地形高差和下垫面透水性的下降而减小;(3)对喀斯特岩溶地貌尤其敏感,表现为退水系数值较非岩溶地区偏大;(4)随多年平均径流深的增大而增大,二者具有指数函数关系。退水系数与流域特征因子的这些规律,可为无资料流域水文预报提供思考和借鉴。     

未确知测度BP神经网络模型在黑河流域水质预测中的应用

水质预测是水环境规划、评价和管理的重要依据,对促进水资源可持续利用及生态发展具有重要意义。针对水质预测中各项因子的不确定性,基于未确知测度理论(unascertained measure,UM),采用改变网络初值的方法,对BP神经网络加以改进,并利用黑河流域莺落峡水文站1998~2011年的水质监测资料进行分析和预测。以挥发酚为参考序列,用灰色关联方法分析参考序列与其他因子的关联度,并最终确定BP网络的输入节点为CODmn、DO、SO42-、Cr6+以及挥发酚,输出节点为挥发酚,从而建立UMBP模型。分析结果表明,UM-BP预测模型比标准的BP神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度。因此,该模型应用于黑河流域水质预测是可行的。