华南晚古生代礁硅岩套的组成和分类及地质涵义

礁硅岩套是一种重要的含矿岩石组合,它是由生物礁相碳酸盐岩、热水沉积岩（矿）、细碎屑岩和泥灰岩、同怪位或相邻地区地层中的火山质岩或潜火山岩,以较为固定的时空有序的状态组合而成。根据生物礁的形成环境和热水沉积作用的产出方式,礁硅岩套可分为盆地型、台地型和过渡型三类。它是在特征地质背景下,在盆地演化的一定阶段内,由盆地正常沉积作物、盆地中的生物作用、盆下源的热水沉积作用和岩石圈深部岩浆作用综合形成的产物     

煤系硅铝质矿物制备先进陶瓷材料初探

文论述了莫来石、Sialon、St3N4和SiC等4种先进陶瓷材料的制备原料和方法，并利用煤系硅铝质矿物原料（以煤矸石为主）成功地合成了莫来石、Si3N4和SiC材料。指出了煤系硅铝质矿物是开发上述先进陶瓷材料的较理想原料。     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

从福建南山遗址水稻植硅体遗存看水稻在东南地区的利用历史

水稻南传一直备受学术界的关注,既有研究已确立其大致的年代框架,但作为新传入的物种,水稻在当地的被利用状况、对当地生计模式甚至生态系统的影响还不甚清楚.本文通过对福建南山遗址4号洞连续堆积中的植硅体进行分析,并结合周边遗址已有的研究成果,对此问题进行了探讨.我们发现,虽然7,500cal. a BP有早期水稻的传入和利用,但东南地区依然保持着渔猎-采集的生计模式; 5,000～3,500cal.a BP期间,水稻连同粟、黍一起被广泛利用,表明该地区已开始普遍接受很可能源自长江中游地区的混作农业,并经过2000多年的适应逐渐走向成熟.粟稻混作农业改变了该地区原有的渔猎-采集生业,推动了当地农业化进程,并带动了区域文化的繁荣和人口的增长,为他们走向东南亚乃至更远的岛屿东南亚奠定了基础.     

Sorption Characteristics of Rare Earth Element Eu^3＋ onto Silica-Water Interfaces Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The sorption of Eu species onto nano-size silica-water interfaces was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy for Ph ranges of 1-8.5 and an initial Eu concentration (Ceu) of 2×10-4 M. The sorption rate of Eu was initially low, but significantly increased at Ph>4. The sorption density of Eu species on a silica surface was ～1.58×10-7 mol/m2 when the dissolved Eu species were completely sorbed onto silica-water interfaces at Ph=～5.8. The sorbed Eu species at Ph<6 is aquo Eu3 , which is sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as an outer-sphere complex at Ph<5, but may be sorbed as an inner-sphere bidentate complex at 5相似文献   

海水养殖真鲷弧菌病病原菌外毒素的分离、纯化及生物学活性

1996年6月初，对福建省平潭县真鲷网箱养殖场发生的弧菌病进行研究，并确定该病病原菌为最小弧菌（Vibrio mimicus）。采用硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE－纤维素层析及Sephadex-G100层析等方法对最小弧菌产生的外毒素进行研究。结果表明，该外毒素为单一的多肽，分子量为30．456kD，对真鲷的LD50为4．48μg，对真鲷等养殖动物的溶血性最强，对Vero细胞的CD50值为0．48μg，肠毒性弱阳性。该外毒素与最小弧菌产生的其他毒力因子相比，性质独特，是一类新的毒力因子，建议命名为Vm-Pm毒素。     

梓木内酯的优化合成和细胞毒活性研究

以2-甲酰基苯甲酸为原料,通过Wittig反应、内酯化、反麦克尔加成、一锅法苯硒化-氧化消除引入双键4步反应,以18％的总收率合成梓木内酯.采用1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、1H-1H COSY、NOE等波谱数据确证了中间体的结构及11,12a,12b的立体构型.与已知方法相比,此合成方法具有原料易得、反应条件温和、操作简单、收率良好等特点.采用SRB染色法对其进行2种肿瘤细胞株(MCF-7,BxPC3)的细胞毒活性测试,发现梓木内酯具有中等强度的抗肿瘤活性.     

壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附热力学研究

采用溶液插层法,利用壳聚糖和蒙脱土制备了壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物,使用红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析对其结构进行了表征;以此复合物为活性红染料RR136的吸附剂,考察了复合物中壳聚糖与蒙脱土的摩尔比、染料溶液pH值和浓度、吸附温度及吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附反应的最佳条件是以壳聚糖与蒙脱土摩尔比为5∶1的插层复合物为吸附剂,反应温度20℃,RR136溶液pH为3。壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附更符合Langmuir模型,吸附热力学参数ΔGo、ΔHo和ΔSo值分别为-3.338kJ·mol-1(30℃),-37.98kJ·mol-1和-114.77J·mol-1·K-1,表明壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附是自发的、以物理吸附为主的放热反应。     

绿柱石与硅铍石原位结晶实验研究

绿柱石与硅铍石均为铍矿物家族中的主要成员,是重要的工业铍矿物,利用背散射和电子探针研究矿物特性时,常可见两者共生或发生交代的现象（饶灿,2009;Reyf, 2008; Evensen, 1999）,其结晶条件对于成矿环境与成矿机制均具有重要的指示意义。前人已进行了关于绿柱石,硅铍石等铍矿物稳定性的实验研究,但研究多采用高温淬火的高温高压实验装置,误差大,且无法原位观测矿物结晶习性（王振杰, 1992;Sirbescu et al., 2009）,本文利用热液金刚石压腔,原位观测了绿柱石与硅铍石的结晶过程,得到了它们结晶的温压条件及结晶习性。     

花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼期消化酶活性的变化

本文研究了花尾胡椒鲷仔、鱼发育时期不同日龄的三种消化酶活性的变化。早期仔鱼已具有一定的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,蛋白酶比活力在仔稚鱼转变期和稚鱼向幼鱼转变时明显下降,淀粉酶活笥随日 龄增加呈下降趋势,内源营养向外源营养转换过程中,脂肪酶活笥先升后降,进入于期后比活力迅速再次提升。结果表明,消化酶活笥的变化与他、稚鱼发育过程中开矿变化具相关性。混合营养期结束后。１３日 龄仔鱼的三种酶活性均下降,且