沙丘前沿区产汇流特点研究及其在设计洪水计算中的应用

对沙丘前沿区的产汇流机制进行了探讨,分析地表产流面积随着降雨量不同而发生动态变化的规律,研究该区域的设计洪水计算新方法.其结果为沙丘出流河流的相似流域设计洪水计算提供借鉴.     

珠江洪水位壅高原因初探

位于珠江干流河道上的广州市，数十年来，珠江洪水位逐年上涨，造成水浸街，带来很多不良后果，引起人们的密切关注，本文对造成珠江洪水位壅高的因素，作了较为详细的介绍，并提出了一些初步的解决措施。     

浅水波方程的TVD有限差分数值模拟

本文将Harten的总变差缩减有限差分格式(TVD),应用于非线性的不可压缩的浅水波方程数值求解。通过对一锥、二维溃坝洪水波的数值模拟,成功地模拟了溃坝问题中的激波和膨胀波现象,保持了解在间断处陡峭,而在其两侧无振动。     

马莲河流域"2003·8"暴雨洪水调查分析

2003年8月25日,马莲河流域普降暴雨,暴雨中心发生了百年一遇特大洪水,流域出口控制站出现了1956年设站以来的第二大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害.通过暴雨洪水调查,分析了本次暴雨洪水特性,为研究该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据.     

基于分布式水文模拟的三峡区间洪水预报(Ⅱ)——雷达测雨应用

降雨时空分布信息缺失是影响洪水预报精度的一个重要因素,尤其是雨量站点稀疏的山区,站点观测的降雨信息难以充分地表征山区降雨的空间差异.本文针对长江三峡区间,利用雨量站点观测值来校准雷达测雨数据,并作为分布式水文模型的降雨输入,借助水文模拟结果综合评价雷达测雨数据的适用性.两个示例小流域的研究结果表明:相对于雨量站而言,雷达估测的降雨信息更能体现降雨的空间变化,它与分布式水文模型相结合,是提高洪水预报精度的有效途径.     

溃坝洪水演进的光滑粒子流体动力学分析

传统GIS在实现溃坝洪水过程模拟时通常是采用无源淹没分析或有源淹没分析方法,这些方法忽略了洪水演进过程中的物理学与动力学因素,模拟结果的时效性、可靠性较差,表达效果也较为简单。针对此问题,该文提出结合光滑粒子流体动力学方法与GIS相关技术实现溃坝洪水演进的三维动态可视化及分析,以光滑粒子流体动力学生成的海量多维时空序列流体粒子数据为基础,研究了粒子数据的建模及时空数据的时空建模技术。最后在自主研发的系统中实现了溃坝洪水演进的三维动态可视化表达及分析,应用效果良好。     

珠江三角洲腹地洪水特征变异因素的关联分析

采用关联分析法,对珠江三角洲网河区腹地代表站近期洪水位变异的各种成因的主次作用进行分析,结果表明,近期导致腹地洪水位异变的主要因素依次是,河口水流不畅和潮流顶托、西江向三角洲腹地河网分流以及三角洲网河上部水情.三角洲河口水流顶托与上游分流增加、流速加快(均与人类活动造成的河床变异有关)在腹地形成"水流挤压"共同导致腹地的异高洪水位;同时,三角洲腹地河滩占用严重,桥梁、码头建设密度大,更加剧了腹地河道水位壅高.     

The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation

Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake.     

基于GIS的大连市金普新区洪水淹没分析

采用25 m分辨率的DEM并收集多年洪水位、潮位数据,以保证源数据的精度和可靠性.结合研究区地貌特征和水系分布,基于ArcGIS的空间分析工具采用种子蔓延法进行了有源淹没分析计算,得到淹没区范围和水深分布图.结果表明：淹没区主要分布在水库和河流下游的冲洪积平原和海积平原,淹没面积共318.08 km2,占全区陆域面积的18.6%.洪水淹没深度为0~7.6 m.以水库为种子点的淹没区域较大,淹没水深自种子点到海岸线逐渐增大;以河流为种子点的淹没区域呈带状分布,淹没水深自河流中线向两侧逐渐减小.     

CRITICAL HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS FOR OVERFLOW BURST OF MORAINE LAKE

1OVERFLOWBURSTOFMORAINELAKEFloodwater and debris flow caused by glacial lake burst is an important land process and a serious moun-tain disaster in glacial area. Glacial lakes with burst can divided into the glacier-obstructed lake (ice dam lake) and the terminal moraine lake (XU and FENG, 1988). Typical burst of ice dam lake happens in the modern glacier area of the upper reaches of the Kele-qing River in Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (WANG, 1990). But most of burst gla…