河西走廊春季降水的空间异常分布及年代际变化

利用河西走廊19个气象站建站至2012年3—5月降水量资料,分析了河西走廊春季降水的基本气候特征;通过EOF、REOF、小波分析等方法,对河西走廊春季降水的时空特性进行了研究,用Mann-Kendall检验法检验河西走廊春季降水序列是否存在突变现象。结果表明,河西走廊春季降水空间分布极不均匀,其空间分布特征是东南部为多雨区,西北部为少雨区。河西走廊春季降水在第一空间尺度上为全区一致,在第二空间尺度上可分为2个自然气候区,在第三空间尺度上可分为5个自然气候区。从年代际变化来看,21世纪初10年是近半个世纪来降水最多的10年,20世纪70年代是降水最少的10年;河西走廊春季降水的年际变化十分显著,降水最多的年份是最少年份的6倍多。1961—2012年间河西走廊春季降水发生了明显的突变:1985年出现了一次趋于增多的突变。3年的短周期和19年的长周期是其主要周期。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation based on corrected TRMM data around the Hexi Corridor, China

Accurate rainfall distribution is difficult to acquire based on limited meteorological stations, especially in remote areas like high mountains and deserts. The Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions （including the Qilian Mountains and the Alxa Plateau） are typical districts where there are only 30 available rain gauges. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） data provide a possible solution. After precision analysis of monthly 0.25 degree resolution TRMM 3B43 data from 1998 to 2012, we find that the correlations between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge precipitation are significant overall and in each station around the Hexi Corridor; however, the biases of annual precipitation differ in different stations and are seriously overestimated in most of the sites. Thus, Inverse Distance Weighting （IDW） interpolation method was used to rectify TRMM data based on the difference between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge observations. The results show that rectified TRMM data present more details than rain gauges in remote areas where there are few stations, alt- hough they show high coherence of distribution. Precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest on an annual and seasonal scale. There are three rainfall centers （〉500 mm） including Menyuan, Qilian and Toson Lake, and two low rain- fall centers （〈50 mm） including Dunhuang and Ejin Banner. Meanwhile, precipitation in most of the study area presents an increasing trend; especially in northern Qilian Mountains （〉5 mm/a）, Badain Jaran Desert （〉2 mm/a）, Toson Lake （〉20 mm/a） and Qingtu Lake （〉20 ram/a） which shows a significant increasing trend, while precipitation in Hala Lake （〈-2 mm/a） and Tengger Desert （〈-3 mm/a） demonstrates a decreasing trend.     

河西走廊东部冬季浅层地温与春季沙尘天气的关系

利用河西走廊东部民勤、凉州、永昌3个气象站1960~2010年冬季0、5、10、15、20 cm地温和1961~2011年春季沙尘暴和扬沙天气的常规观测资料,分析了河西走廊东部冬季浅层地温和春季沙尘天气日数的时空特征,进而探讨了春季沙尘天气与冬季浅层地温的关系。结果表明:受海拔高度、地理位置等影响,河西走廊东部冬季浅层地温有明显地域差异,其中高海拔的永昌最低,低海拔的民勤次之,而海拔介于民勤和永昌之间的凉州最高;春季沙尘天气日数自低海拔地区向高海拔地区逐渐减少,即民勤最多、凉州区次之、永昌最少;河西走廊东部的沙尘天气日数与浅层地温在空间上呈一定的负相关,二者的年变化趋势明显相反,即冬季浅层地温总体呈逐年升高的趋势,而春季沙尘日数呈逐年减少的趋势,且都存在6~7 a和9~10 a的周期;相关分析表明,河西走廊东部春季沙尘日数与冬季浅层地温呈负相关,其中与0 cm地温的相关性最显著。     

一次雷暴大风引发的强沙尘暴天气的中尺度系统分析

使用探空、地面和张掖多普勒天气雷达观测资料对2013年7月30日发生在河西走廊的一次强沙尘暴天气进行了分析。结果表明：这次雷暴大风沙尘天气是对流层低层冷平流作用下,不稳定能量释放形成的β、γ中尺度对流系统造成的,雷暴下击暴流的辐散流和密度流是引发地面强风和沙尘暴的直接因素。高层干、中层相对湿和低层干的层结,易产生雷暴大风天气。1 h正变压和负变温演变能很好地反映雷暴下击暴流形成的雷暴高压和冷池的强弱变化,同时也反映了下击暴流的辐散气流和冷池密度流造成的地面大风及沙尘天气的变化。     

Effects of corridor networks on plant species composition and diversity in an intensive agriculture landscape

The development of modern agriculture has resulted in much homogenization of the landscape consisting of large patches of farmland,so small remnant non-crop habitats especially linear corridors play an important role in the conservation of species and the maintenance of ecosystem functions.However,little attention has been paid to the effects of corridors structural characteristics on the plant species restricted to such habitats.In this study,we selected three types of corridors including ditch,hedgerow and road,and ana-lyzed their structural characteristics.The plant species presented in these corridors were investigated,and the species diversity,abun-dance and frequency were estimated.Moreover,spatial arrangements of corridors were classified into different types to discuss whether there were significant effects of corridor network on plant distribution.The results show that three types of corridors have different ef-fects on plant species composition and diversity.The one-one combined corridor networks and total network associated by three corri-dors have more complex structural features than each single type of corridor.However,there is no strong correlation between the corri-dor networks with their plant species.We suggest that carrying out a pointed vegetation survey at corridor intersections to further test the relationships between structural features of corridor and plants is necessary.     

暖暖的关怀 殷殷祝福——苗玉林副厅长走廊慰问南水北调移民村困难群众

本刊讯-马年春节临近,1月14日,河南省国土资源厅党组成员、副厅长苗玉林受厅党组的委托带领厅帮扶工作组,到荣阳市南水北调移民新村走访慰问困难群众,为他们送去省国土资源党组和国土资源人的新春问候和殷殷祝福。     

河西走廊草地荒漠化动态及驱动因素

草地荒漠化是河西走廊面临的主要生态问题。探究河西走廊草地荒漠化的现状与变化,是维持地区生态安全、确保经济社会健康稳定发展的关键。本研究以2009、2014、2019年全国荒漠化监测数据为基础,结合同时期的气象和年鉴数据,利用趋势分析、灰色关联及结构方程模型等方法,分析了河西走廊草地荒漠化的动态变化规律,在此基础上,量化了驱动草地荒漠化的因素。结果表明：（1）河西走廊草地荒漠化威胁持续存在,2019年,荒漠化草地面积为371.93万hm²,占河西走廊草地总面积的43.7%,荒漠化程度以中度为主,占比为65.58%。（2）2009—2019年,荒漠化草地面积减少134.68万hm²,草地荒漠化得到有效遏制。根据草地荒漠化程度综合性评价指数,除金昌市外,酒泉市、嘉峪关市、张掖市和武威市草地荒漠化呈逆转趋势。（3）驱动草地荒漠化动态变化的各类因素中,年降水量增加有助于荒漠化逆转,年均气温、农作物播种面积、大牲畜存栏数、常住人口数与草地荒漠化呈正相关,其中常住人口数通过影响农作物播种面积间接导致草地荒漠化加剧。     

2009～2010年河西走廊大风日低空垂直切变和湍流统计特征

为了给河西走廊风电场建设提供科学依据,利用河西走廊14 座风能观测塔2009 年9 月至2010 年8 月的资料,分析了大风日低空垂直切变和湍流的演变和分布.结果表明：大风日风速垂直切变指数年平均在0. 092 ～0. 158 之间,较国标有些偏低;10 ～ 30 m、10 ～ 50 m 和10 ～ 70 m 的大风日风速垂直切变指数比非大风日偏小;低层风速垂直切变大,高层风速垂直切变小;大风日10 m、30 m、50 m 和100 m 4 层的年平均湍流强度为0. 11,比非大风日偏小一半左右;在大风日,随风速增大,风速不均一性减小,风向趋于稳定.     

推动升级转型 实现跨越发展

<正>四川省位于中国西南腹地,是西南、西北和中部地区的重要结合部,是承接华南华中、连接西南西北、沟通中亚南亚东南亚的重要交汇点和交通走廊,自古就有"天府之国"美誉。近年来,四川测绘地理信息事业突飞猛进,一日千里。本期杂志聚焦四川,带领您一起分享四川测绘地理信息工作"推动升级转型、实现跨越发展"的历程与经验。论发展改革、创新、转型、升级、跨越,是三十余年改革开放的重要经验启示,而国家测绘地理信息     

东昆仑巴隆河西金矿地质特征与找矿标志

巴隆河西金矿床是东昆仑金成矿带近年来新发现的金矿床,其形成时代、地质特征与矿床类型尚不明确。本次在详细野外地质调查的基础上,通过构造-蚀变填图、锆石U-Pb定年和综合对比等方法,研究巴隆河西矿床的成矿特征和岩体侵位时代,以确定该矿床的成因类型与成矿时代。构造-蚀变填图发现巴隆河西矿床的金矿化赋存于花岗质岩体的9条构造蚀变带,明确了5个金矿体呈带状分布于北西西向断裂中,揭示金矿化与高岭土化、褐铁矿化、硅化和黄铁矿化等蚀变密切相关。赋含金矿化的花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,其侵位时代分别为202.5±1.8 Ma和222.1±1.1Ma,属于印支晚期,约束了巴隆河西金矿的形成时代。结合区域岩浆活动时限、巴隆金矿地质特征、矿体产状与中低温矿物组合特征,提出巴隆河西矿床为造山带型金矿,推断逆断层及其伴随的热液活动是巴隆河西矿床金元素活化、迁移和富集的关键因素,指出北西西向构造蚀变带是该区带金矿成矿的有利部位。