莱茵河与湘江（下）

二次世界大战后,德国和荷兰的经济发展很快,10到20年就使工业、农业和交通十分发达,到1990年德国人均国民总值达21475美元,荷兰达17000美元,居世界前列。但在经济调整发展的过程中,没有重视环境保护,尤其是对莱茵河的保护,从而产生了最严重的后果。     

东昆仑—柴达木地区泥盆系划分对比

东昆仑—柴达木地区泥盆系较为发育,均表现为陆相碎屑岩和火山岩沉积。前人将该地区泥盆系笼统地划归晚泥盆世牦牛山组,但其空间分布情况不详,划分与对比仍存争议。本文结合近些年在该地区开展的1/5万、1/25万区域地质调查和相关的科研成果等资料,重新厘定了东昆仑—柴达木地区泥盆系,将牦牛山组限于柴达木盆地北缘地区,代表中—晚泥盆世陆相碎屑岩-火山岩沉积;重新启用契盖苏组,代表东昆北地区早泥盆世陆相碎屑岩-火山岩沉积;新建雪水河组代表万保沟地区早泥盆世陆相碎屑岩-火山碎屑岩沉积。     

博尔塔拉河温泉水文站输沙率与流量异步施测法分析

在悬移质输沙率与流量异步施测法基本原理分析的基础上,根据河流特性建立了多年综合及相邻流量测次累积面积百分数与累积流量百分数相关曲线法不同的部分流量权重系数借用方案。经实测资料检验输沙率与流量异步施测法的计算误差符合《河流悬移质泥沙测验规范》精度要求,能满足悬移质泥沙测验的生产需求。     

高温和台风影响下的苏州城市粗糙子层湍流通量特征

利用苏州地区2011 年12月20 日-2012年8 月13 日的湍流观测资料对不同季节、高温、台风强天气过程下的湍流特征进行分析.结果表明:城市地区不同季节动量通量、感热通量、潜热通量日变化明显,各通量的夏季平均值、最大值均高于冬春季,夏季感热通量日最大值为160.2 W·m-2,感热在城市地表能量平衡中的作用大于潜...     

CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化的改进及其应用

通过对流性阵风参数化方法,在CAM3原有海气湍流通量参数化方案(CAM3方案)中引入边界层自由对流和降水深对流对海表湍流通量的贡献,改进了CAM3模式的海气湍流通量参数化方案(CAM3 ME方案).在此基础上,利用观测海温积分改进的CAM3模式,分析改进模式对冬(DJF)、夏季(JJA)大气环流异常的模拟性能.结果表明,采用改进的海气湍流通量参数化方案,模式对冬(DJF)、夏季(JJA)大气环流异常年际变化的模拟能力有了很大提高,尤其是冬季(DJF)北太平洋和北美大陆地区以及夏季(JJA)南半球海洋上空.     

摇啊摇，摇到外白渡桥——历经百年风雨的上海老桥

一百年来,就是这座古桥把人们最熟悉的上海三大地标——黄浦江、外滩、苏州河紧紧地连接在一起。     

河淮地震带地震活动特征

通过对河淮地震带历史地震和现今地震活动特征的研究，初步认为研究区地震活动存在准周期性变化。研究还发现，该区地震活动与中国大陆地震活动存在一定的相关性。     

Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

Recently, runoff in many river basins in China has been decreasing. Therefore, the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of interest. In this study, we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river basins. Specifically, we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe River basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by humans. The results of this study revealed that the S1MHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly discharge. In addition, we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change, with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe River basin.     

太平渡以红军二渡赤水河实现战术机动避实就虚的出发地使其地名知名度攀升

红军一渡赤水后,这时蒋介石判断红军仍将北渡长江,企图围歼红军于云南扎西地区。毛泽东指挥红军避实击虚,挥戈东进,于2月18日至21日从太平渡、二郎滩二渡赤水,向国民党军队兵力薄弱的黔北地区进攻,奇袭娄山关,再占遵义城,歼灭和击溃国民党军两个师又8个团,取得中央红