Characteristics of developing scour-holes at a sand-embedded cylinder

Characteristics of developing scour-holes at a sand-embedded 0.2 m diameter circular cylinder are presented. Non-intrusive, high-resolution topographic measurements of developing scour-holes were made with an experimental installation using a laser distance sensor （LDS） and precision step-motors. A clear-water experiment was conducted with bed shear stress equal to 95% of the critical bed shear stress for the initiation of sediment motion at the undisturbed plane sand bed with a d50 of 0.26 mm. During the running experiment of 21 hours duration, measurements were taken by the LDS in different azimuthal half-planes with θ= 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180° in order to study the spatio-temporal variation of geometric properties in developing scour-holes. After 21 hours, the equilibrium condition was approached, with a scour rate less than d50 per hour. Measurement of maximum scour depth in different azimuthal half-planes at different points in time during the experiment show that scour started at the cylinder side and surrounded the cylinder after about 20% of experiment time. Slopes of developing scour-holes presented three regions with different inclinations, which were attributed to vortex action. Both maximum scour depth and maximum scour radius at different azimuthal half-planes are well correlated with the maximum scour depth at plane with θ = 0°. When providing maximum scour depth at the cylinder front, the presented correlations are useful for simple calculation of scour-hole topography. This work provides an experimental database for advanced numerical simulation for loose sediment hydraulics.     

钉螺流场实验模拟及其应用

血吸虫病是长江流域最严重的寄生虫病之一。钉螺是其唯一的中间寄主,钉螺的扩散将导致血吸虫病的蔓延。控制钉螺随水流扩散就能从根本上控制血吸虫病在灌区或居民点流行。本文介绍一种新的无螺取水方法,该方法已在实验室研究中取得了成功。这种无螺取水新方法是根据钉螺的生态水力学特性的系列试验研究和流场的计算水动力学数值模拟结果得到的。     

水电站进水口快速闸门水力学分析

主要分析水电站进水口快速闸门在动水关闭过程中流量、临界开度和闸门受水流作用力(闸顶水压力、闸底水压力和闸门水平压力)等问题。根据模型试验所观测的水力现象和非恒定流计算理沦,提出了计算电站闸门、引水管道的水力参数(流量、水头和通气孔水位等)的数学模型。实例计算结果和模型试验结果基本吻合。     

国际冰研究与工程专业委员会及冰工程学术讨论会简介

介绍了国际水利工程与研究协会(IAHR)下属的冰研究与工程专委会(Section 4: Ice Research and Engineering)的概况, 并对第16届国际冰工程学术讨论会的简况进行了介绍, 同时对下一阶段冰研究与工程专业委员会的工作及第17届冰工程会议的重要内容进行了情况简述.     

水流中波要素的预报

一、前言 当波浪传播在大洋、浅海和河口等水域时，由于这些地区往往同时存在着各种水流运动，如风吹流、海流、潮流和迳流等，将使波浪要素和机理发生明显的变化。     

Analysis on the Circulation of the Yangtze River Estuary Based on ADCP Measurements

According to analysis on field data obtained by ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler),the flow regime of the Yangtze River Estuary is studied by use of a 3-D numerical model.The flow field characteristics,under the influence of Coriolis force,saltwater intrusion and freshwater inflow and tidal current interaction,are depicted in details.The main driving forces and some important effective factors of lateral,longitudinal and horizontal circulation are also analyzed.     

岩体水力学基础（四）：岩体渗流场与应力场耦合的等效连续介质模型

本文把裂隙岩体看作等效连续介质，用渗透系数张量描述岩体的渗透性能；用应力张量描述岩体的力学性能。介绍岩体渗流场与应力场耦合的等效连续介质模型。     

小清河分洪区洪水演进的数值模拟

本文应用数值模拟方法,对永定河中游的小清河分洪区内分洪时的洪水演进过程进行了模拟计算,在此基础上编制了该分洪区的洪水风险图,并研究了减少分洪区内生命财产损失的若干对策。实践证明,这种成果可作为防洪决策的基础,目前已被某些地区采用。     

不同坡度草地含沙水流水力学特性及其拦沙机理

参照黄土区侵蚀降雨和坡面片蚀产沙特征,采用恒流泥沙输送装置模拟坡面上方来水来沙,探讨不同坡度草地含沙水流的水力学特性及其对上方来沙的拦蓄机理。结果表明,草地坡面的水流弗劳德数随坡度增大而增加,而阻力系数与坡度呈反势。按明渠水流的一般标准,不同坡度草地水流均为层状缓流。草地坡面拦沙效应随坡度增大而减小,且径流前期的减沙作用较后期更为显著。不同坡度草地坡面的出流泥沙平均直径和大颗粒(>10μm)泥沙含量均显著小于上方来沙,这说明草地的拦沙效应主要体现在对大粒径泥沙的拦蓄上。