植物硅酸体的研究及在我国第四纪地质学中的初步应用

本文简述了国外植物硅酸体(植物蛋白石)这门新兴学科的进展情况,介绍了植物硅酸体研究在我国第四纪地质学中如古气候与古环境、地层时代、考古等方面的初步应用。     

东北南部早石炭世植物群研究

自作者（１９８７）在辽东本溪群下部发现Ｓｕｂｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ以来，又相继在吉南、辽南（范炳桓，１９９２）和辽西发现了Ｓｕｂ．ｓｐ．，Ｒｈｏｄｅａｈｓｉａｎｇｈｓｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ等属于早石炭世的植物及维宪－纳缪尔Ａ期孢粉化石，从而证实东北南部普遍存在早石炭世地层。本文记述了产于上述层位的植物化石３０属７９种，并归纳为Ｓｕｂｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ－Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍｉｔｅｓ－Ｌｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ组合（带）．东北南部早石炭世植物群中的一些属种，虽然显示了欧美植物群的特点，但其发生、演化又早于欧美植物群（分子），作者暂称为“东北南部早石炭世华夏植物群”。该植物群与东北北部安加拉植物群的界线，大致与槽台界线相吻合。     

华夏植物地理区一个新的亚区——豫淮亚区

本文在自己工作的基础上,结合前人资料,提出了华夏植物地理区一个新的亚区——豫淮亚区,用以概括具有重要特色之位于两淮、徐州、豫西一带的二叠纪植物群区系特征.文中着力刻划了该区具有浓郁地方色彩,极高的属种分异度,保存甚佳之植物群轮廓;划分了三个植物组合,即P|Callipteridium koraiense-Cathaysiopteris whitei-Cordaites schenki组合,P_1~2 Fascipteris spp.-Lobatannularia ensifolia-Gigantonocleaspp.组合,P_1~2 Gigantopteris nicotianaefolia-Lobatannularia multifolia-Psygmorphyllummultipartitum组合.文章还结合二叠纪该区独特的区域构造、古地理、古气候等方面,从不同侧面详塑了豫淮亚区的整体格架.     

扬子地台北缘晚震旦世微古植物特征及意义

本文着重研究了扬子地台北缘上震旦统陡山沱组、灯影组及下寒武统下部岩家河段的微古植物组合特征。初步建立了Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个微古植物组合，分别与陡山沱村阶和灯影峡阶相对应，分析了微古植物组合在地层划分与对比及在震旦系－寒武系界线的划分上所起的作用。     

广东湛江湖光岩地区玄武岩风化壳Fe同位素研究

本文对广东湛江湖光岩地区厚度分别为4 m和7 m的两个不同喷发时代玄武岩形成的风化壳样品进行Fe同位素分析,分析结果显示:厚度4m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.17‰～0.57‰;厚度7 m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.20‰～0.68‰,相对于标准物质IRMM-014,不同深度风化壳样品均显示Fe的重同位素富集.两风化壳剖面自下而上,随风化程度增大,风化壳样品中Fe同位素分馏程度也呈现逐渐增大的趋势,表明风化壳样品中Fe的重同位素富集趋势与风化壳的发育程度正相关,风化壳土壤中Fe同位素组成是反映土壤风化程度的指标.另一方面,风化过程可将地球外部圈层(岩石圈、水圈、生物圈)有机结合起来,风化壳土壤Fe同位素组成变化是表生植物和水淋滤共同作用的结果,对化学风化过程中Fe同位素研究,将会极大地补充表生过程中同位素地球化学的知识,同时Fe同位素可作为表生过程中物质的循环、环境的变化等过程中有力的示踪/指示技术手段加以应用.     

新疆自然保护区

在新疆166万平方千米的土地上,分布着众多珍稀物种和独特自然景观的特殊地域,其动植物种类繁多,列为国家重点保护植物20种,重点保护动物48种.为了保护这些珍贵的自然资源,新疆自1980年以来,陆续建立了自然保护区27个,总面积超过70万平方千米.其中天池自然保护区是天山东部代表;喀纳斯自然景观保护区是阿尔泰山的“缩影”;布尔根河河狸保护区是我国惟一的河狸生息的地区;托木尔峰保护区是高山林型综合性保护区,是研究冰川的重要基地;巩留云杉保护区完整原始的云杉林世界罕见……一个个保护区就是一座座“大自然纪念碑”,她们以美丽动人的画卷展现在人们面前,为人们提供了一座座研究大自然的实验室.     

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China＇s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas ——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called ＂transforming heaven and earth＂ that had been practiced in Southwest China＇s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agricultural development. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.     

努力打造生态环保路——信南高速公路建设生态环保路纪实

河南省信阳至南阳高速公路项目令长183公里，起于信阳市乎桥区，止于南阳市卧龙区辛店北，自东向西横穿信阳，驻马店、南阳三市六县区。信阳毫泌阳段为山陵微丘区，植物茂盛，风景秀丽，湖泊泽塘、星罗棋布，生态效益显著；泌阳至南阳段地处南阳盆地，土地肥沃、地势平坦，适宜各类植物生长，加上人口集中，人多地少矛盾尤为突出。高速公路建设为线型工程，线长、点多、而广，工程建设必然对沿线生态和环保带来一定影响。信南高速公路项目从初步设计人手，加强施工全过程管理，实现了工稃建设和生态、环境保护的良性发展。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

西北干旱区SG-SPAC系统水力模型的建立

文章论述了西北干旱区水资源的特点，利用现代农田水分研究方法研究了干旱区地表水、地下水、土壤、植物、大气连续体（SG－SPAC）系统的水分转化规律，建立了地表水、地下水和土壤水之间的水力耦合模型，为干旱区的水资源规划、开发和生态环境保护奠定了科学的基础。