全球40～150s的勒夫波和瑞利波相速度分布

尽管对地球的三维结构已有了很多了解，但现有地球模型没有充分引入已知的近地表较大的结构扰动。例如，大陆和海洋地壳结构差异是久为人知的，这种差异在沿着人陆和海洋路径传播的勒夫波和瑞利波的频散表现得很明显，而且在周期小丁100s时这种差异更大。现有的全球模型不能充分解释这种现象，由于全球地壳参数不完整，模型中对地壳结构的考虑是很近似的。因此，地壳厚度变化产生的模型假象延伸到很深处。这可以认为是现存全球模型分辨率不精确的一种表现。为了建立较高分辨率的地球外层(0～200km)模型，必须通过对近地表介质深度分布细节敏感的数据分析获得对近地表结构更加精确的认识。首先，我们分析了大量的基阶勒夫波和瑞利波波形资料，得到了周期40～150s的全球相速度分布图，确定了大约24000条GDSN和GEOSCOPE在1980～1990年间数字地震记录沿短大圆路径和长大圆路径的相速度。为了自动测量相速度，我们发展了非线性波形反演法。在这种方法中，速度和振幅，作为频率的函数，以B-样条展开。波形数据朋来反演B-样条系数，为了避免如振幅谱缺口引起的不良效应，相位模糊的问题引入了明确的光滑度约束。价值函数(最小二乘意义上的最小化)代表了许多局部极小值，并且需要一个较好的初始模型，我们刚群速度积分得到该模型。然后，用这种新方法所得测量结果反演全球勒夫波和瑞利波相速度分布，以球谐函数展开的形式表示。我们给出了直到40阶的相速度分布图。这些分布图作了冈球谐函数展开截断可能引起的人为误差。我们给出了详细的分辨率分析，全球面波层析成像的横向分辨率约2000km。勒夫波相速度，在长周期与已知上地幔结构相关性较高，在短周期与地壳结构相关性较高。同样地，瑞利波相速度与已知构造特征的一致性较好，由于结构采样深度不同，并没有反映出明显的地壳特征。     

《中国西部大中型沉积盆地分析及油气资源远景研究》项目成果通过审查验收

《中国西部大中型沉积盆地分析及油气资源远景研究》项目成果评审会议于2004年3月29—31日在成都举行。项目成果获得”优秀”评价。     

中欧亚地质编图2004年工作会议结束

中欧亚地质编图2004年工作会议于5月11日-5月16日在新疆乌鲁木齐市召开，会议内容分两个部分．11-13日主要由各国代表团汇报前一阶段的工作并提出2004-2005年度的工作方案；14-16日考察了新疆阿希金矿．     

“Three-Component” Digital Prospecting Method：A New Approach for Mineral Resources Quantitative Prediction and Assessment

“Three-component” method consists of three clase-connected aspects: geological anomaly,diversity of mineralization and mineral deposit spectrum. All these three concepts are not new separately, but it is a new approach to combine these three aspects in one single concept for quantitative mineral resources prediction and assessment and it is also the first time to conduct a more detailed study in each aspect. Investigation and clarification of geological anomalies, diversity of mineralization and spectrum of mineral deposits are realized by digitization and quantification of ore forming controlling factors, oreexisting symbols or marks, characteristics of mineralization and regulation of ore-genesis and laws of distribution. These procedures lead to construction of a “digital model“ for mineral resources prediction andassessment.     

GIS Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Water Systems in Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Modeling landscape with high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system can provide essential morphological and structural information for modeling surface processes such as geomorphologic process and water systems. This paper introduces several DEM-based spatial analysis processes applied to characterize spatial distribution and their interactions of ground and surface water systems in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. The stream networks and drainage basin systems were derived from the DEM with 30 m resolution and the regularities of the surface stream and drainage patterns were modeled from a statistical/multifractal point of view. Together with the elevation and slope of topography, other attributes defmed from modeling the stream system, and drainage networks were used to associate geological, hydrological and topographical features to water flow in river systems and the spatial locations of artesian aquifers in the study area. Stream flow data derived from daily flow measurements recorded at river gauging stations for multi-year period were decomposed into “drainage-area dependent“ and “drainage-area independent“ flow components by two-step “frequency“ and “spatial“ analysis processes. The latter component was further demonstrated to relate most likely to the ground water discharge. An independent analysis was conducted to model the distribution of aquifers with information derived from the records of water wells. The focus was given on quantification of the likelihood of ground water discharge to river and ponds through flowing wells, springs and seepages. It has been shown that the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a unique glacial deposit that serves as a recharge layer and that the aquifers in the ORM underlain by Hilton Tills and later deposits exposed near the steep slope zone of the ridges of ORM provide significant discharge to the surface water systems (river flow and ponds) through flowing wells, springs and seepages. Various statistics (cross- and auto-correlation coefficients, fractal R/S exponent) were used in conjunction with GIS to demonstrate the influence of land types, topography and geometry of drainage basins on short- and long-term persistence of river flows as well as responding time to precipitation events. The current study has provided not only insight in understanding the interaction of water systems in the GTA, but also a base for further establishment of an on-line GIS system for predicting spatial-temporal changes of river flow and groundwater level in the GTA.     

鄂西高速公路岩体结构面强度参数试验研究

对湖北省西部某高速公路宜昌-恩施段主要岩体结构面（层面）的抗剪强度参数进行了较系统的试验研究，包括岩体结构面的野外地质调查、岩体结构面原位直剪试验、结构面室内模拟试验及岩体力学参数估值等。通过对各种试验数据进行整理、分析和对比，得到了岩体结构面强度参数。最后在岩体工程分类的基础上，利用Hoek Brow n经验方法对各类岩体结构面强度参数进行了估算。综合以上多种数据，并考虑岩体结构面所处具体地质条件，提出了各类岩体结构面强度参数建议值。     

地面地震初至波层析反演复杂表层速度结构方法

针对复杂表层结构的反演问题，作者研究了一套利用地面地震初至波层析反演表层速度结构的理论、方法和软件系统。该方法利用了地面地震直达波、迥折波、折射波以及三者组合的初至波，并采用具有空间变速优势的层析反演，可获得任意介质类型的表层速度结构。该方法的优点是野外施工简单（不需要在井中激发、接收），反演精度高，适应性强，反演所得到的表层速度结构可直接用于环境与工程项目的表层地质结构调查和评价。     

GPF-25A重型转盘式工程钻机的研制

介绍了GPF-25A重型工程钻机的研制概况以及主要技术参数、性能特点、生产试验情况等。