Spatial correlations between urbanization and river water pollution in the heavily polluted area of Taihu Lake Basin, China

Water pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin has been the focus of attention in China and abroad for a long time, due to its position in the forefront of urban development in China. Based on data gathering and processing from 84 monitoring sections in this heavily polluted area, this study first analyzes spatial patterns of urbanization and the distribution of river water pollution, and then uses the GeoDa bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to investigate the spatial correlation between urbanization and river water pollution at the scale of township units. The results show that urbanization has adverse impacts on water pollution, and the influence varies in different levels of development areas. The urban township units have the highest level of urbanization and highest pollution, but the best water quality; the suburban units have lower level of urbanization, but higher pollution and worse water quality; however the rural units have the lowest level of urbanization and lowest pollution, mainly affected by upstream pollution, but worst water quality. Lastly, urban and rural planning committees, while actively promoting the process of development in the region, should gradually resolve the issue of pollution control lagging behind urban life and urban develop- ment, giving priority to construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities and associated pipeline network coverage in the rural areas and suburban areas.     

镉米之痛

正"民以食为天,国以粮为本。"我国有7000年有水稻种植历史,是世界上水稻品种最早有文字记录的国家。在我国南方,大米一直是长江流域及其以南地区人民的主粮。然而,就是这种每天饭桌必不可少的主食,最近却被曝出安全隐忧,被推到舆论的风头浪尖。5月16日,广州市食品药品监管     

Geochemistry of the High Dam Lake sediments,south Egypt： implications for environmental significance

The goal of the present work is to perform a geochemical assessment of High Dam Lake bottom sediments for determining the fate, dispersion and levels of trace elements causing environmental pollution, and provided an access to their probable sources. The sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for 20 elements; Ag, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta Th Ti, T1, U, V and Zr, and their obtained data were treated using statistical, graphical and mapping techniques. The results showed the data set of all analyzed elements affected by outliers and extreme values that caused deviation away from normality. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that median of some trace element levels in Lake sediments, was not significantly different and other elements rejected the Null hypothesis. Most analyzed elements had high values of median and mean in sediments of Lake Nubia rather than Lake Nasser and their normalization gave the same results of calculated environment factors. Subsequently, Lake Nubia sediments possessed high combined EF levels ofTh, Sc, Sn, Ag, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sr, U, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn, causing significant contamination, which was great potentially related to industrial, agricultural, urbanization and mining activities. Whereas, combined EF of Se, Cu, Ga, Pb, Ba, Rb, and Tl, which are highly elevated in southern Lake Nasser sediments owing to their source are great possibly derived from Lake Nubia and geogenic activities. With decreasing distance towards the High Dam body, the contaminant elements were diminished due to reduction in the environmental factors and Sudanese pollution sources leading to the northern Lake Nasser considered to be less contaminated. Overall, the present study is an environmental alert for contaminated sediments that carried contaminants and considered the secondary source of pollution impact on ecosystem, and subsequently, their environmental risk on Human health.     

数字

正3.6亿在我国农村,村民大多是将用手压井直接抽取的浅层地下水作为饮用水源。但地下水污染形势日益严峻,我国农村大约有3.6亿人喝不上符合标准的饮用水。90万2000年时中国有360万个自然村,到2010年,自然村减少到270万个,10年里有90万个村子消失,平均每天有     

地籍档案数据库迁移的研究与应用

随着数据库系统的不断发展和数据量的不断增加,新数据库必须接纳旧数据库的数据。在研究数据迁移理论的基础上,结合广东省某市地籍档案数据库迁移的实际过程,提出了地籍档案数据库迁移的技术方案和实施流程,并对数据迁移过程中遇到的问题、解决的方法进行了总结,为地籍档案数据库迁移探索了一条完整的技术路线,确保迁移后数据的准确可靠,可为其他类似工作提供了参考和技术支持。     

区域视角下中国上市企业总部的迁址研究

企业总部的区位及其迁移对城市和区域发展具有重要的影响。本研究以上市企业为对象,考察2001-2012年期间,中国上市企业的总部和注册地址迁移情况。主要有以下发现:①上市企业的迁移以东部地区为主要目的地,西部和东北地区的上市企业净迁出量最大,东部沿海的长三角地区和北京是上市企业的主要迁入地。②上市企业迁移以上行迁移为主,即迁往高行政等级城市,北京、上海吸引了最多的上市企业迁入,而在省内迁移则是主要迁往省会城市。③从企业总部和注册地址的迁移指向,以及企业总部和注册地址分离的情况看,北京和上海在国内公司地理格局中的控制力还在提高,尤其是北京,以较大的优势吸引了国内最多的企业总部迁入。④不同产业的总部迁移率存在差异,总体上服务业迁移率比制造业更高,采掘业和房地产业是迁移率最高的产业。⑤拥有集聚经济带来的专业化、多元化的产业环境和优质配套条件,以及高行政等级带来的信息和政策优势,是企业总部迁往经济发达以及高行政等级城市的重要原因。⑥上市企业的总部和注册地址迁移主要是由于企业的兼并重组造成的,这与中国资本市场的制度有关。⑦企业总部的迁移之后,并没有带来企业经营绩效的显著增长,即使有也非常有限,且持续时间很短;同时企业总部的上行迁移也没有比平行和下行迁移对企业经营绩效的改善更有帮助。     

优化开发区域制造业企业迁移的因素及其区域影响——以广东东莞市为例

优化开发区域是区域发展的较高级阶段,其内部企业迁移的规律比较复杂。选择制造业发达地区——广东东莞市为案例区,采取半结构式访谈法和调查问卷法探讨优化开发区域制造业企业迁移的影响因素及其区域影响。研究表明,现阶段东莞市劳动密集型企业迁出和资本技术密集型企业迁入并存,劳动密集型企业迁出是要素成本、环境管制、区域依赖性和地方政府博弈相互作用的结果,而产业基础、区域创新要素、产业政策和区域软环境等因素促进资本技术密集型企业的迁入;企业迁移可以促进区域产业升级转型,提高区域生产空间质量和优化区域国土空间结构。     

深圳近岸海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价

以2017年8月对深圳近岸海域沉积物铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)重金属调查资料为基础,分析其空间分布特征,并结合同步调查得到的总有机碳,应用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析法,探究深圳近岸海域重金属污染来源,应用地累积指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评估生...     

粮食安全离不开耕地质量安全——两会代表委员热议耕保话题

“现在熬的粥怎么不香了？”“黑龙江的黑土地,原来有1米厚的土层,而现在只有40厘米到60厘米。”“我们不但担心城市化加速的土地需求,冲击18亿亩耕地红线,现在还担心重金属污染对耕地的侵袭。”     

淄博市地下水水质现状分析

分析研究淄博市地下水水化学类型及分布,利用单项组分和综合质量评价法,进行地下水水质现状评价,确定地下水的利用功能和利用方向。选用内梅罗污染指数法进行地下水污染分析,提出地下水水资源保护措施。为淄博市经济发展和社会发展服务。