High resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments assessed by DET and DGT

In polluted aquatic systems, toxic metals are often accumulated in bottom sediments. They are, however, not necessarily stored definitively because diagenetic processs can modify redox, pH and even the amount of complexing ligands, releasing the trace metals back into the pore waters and the water column. Especially the labile metal fraction in the pore waters is important since this is the bioavailable fraction determining the bio-toxicity of the sediments. The goal of our study was therefore to assess, with novel sampling techniques, this bioavailable metal fraction in the pore waters as well as the flux towards the overlying water column. High-resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments were assessed by DET （diffusive equilibrium in thin films） and DGT （diffusive gradients in thin films） gel techniques. The DET technique uses a diffusive gel layer that equilibrates with the aquatic system and with this technique the concentrations of total dissolved trace metals are obtained directly. The DGT technique uses an acrylamide diffusive gel backed by a resin gel （Chelex） which binds trace metals. With the DGT technique only labile species of selected metals can be captured. According to the redox potential measurements, the marine sediments were suboxic （200 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）, while the riverine sediments were completely anoxic （-160 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）. This redox potential was apparently controlling the trace metals species in the pore waters： for example a strong correlation between Mn and Co was found in the riverine sediments （for DET and DGT sampling）, while in the marine sediments trace metals presented various behaviors.     

Geochemistry of recent hydrothermal systems of Mendeleev Volcano （Kuril Islands） and surrounding waters

On the Kuril Islands there are 85 volcanoes, 39 of which are active. Hot springs and mud pots are wide spread in this area and have significant inputs on the chemical composition of the surrounding surface waters and environment. We present results of trace elements as well as data on H, O, S, and He isotope ratios for hydrothermal systems of the Mendeleev Volcano （Kunashir Island） and surrounding surface waters. Water and gas samples were taken from springs and holes as well as creeks and the Lesnaya River. Among the thermal water types, three main groups can be distinguished. The first group includes the waters, in which SO4^- ion predominant. The water temperature on the surface reaches 97℃, and TDS varies from a few g/L to 7 g/L. These waters are acid to superacid with pH values ranging 0.6 to 2.3. The second group is sodium-chloride waters. A maximum TDS is 14.2 g/L. The waters are neutral or alkaline; pH varies from 6.9 to 8.2. The third group is the sodium-chloride-sulfate-bicarbonate water. The Stolbovskie springs, located in the periphery of the Mendeleev Volcano are representative of this type. The pH of these waters is close to neutral. TDS is 1.9 g/L. They are rather the derivatives of sodium-chloride waters arisen from dilution of them by subsurface waters. The Kuslyi Creek and Lesnaya River are located near the Mendeleev Volcano. The most acid springs discharge into the Kislyi Creek as a result pH of this creek being 2.5, and contents of most elements rather high. For example, the contents of dissolved solids of Si, Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, in waters of the Kislaya Creek are 22.1, 8.1, 6.2, 1.29, and 0.28 mg/L, and correspondently. The water of the Lesnaya River, （Before the Kislyi Creek, pH is about 8 with TDS 102 mg/L, but after the Kuslyi Creek, pH decreases and the concentrations of chemical elements increase. Debit of the Kislayi Creek in summer season is about 370 L/sec. It means that every day only this small creek inputs in the Lesnay River about 706 kg of Si;     

玛纳斯河一级电站引水渠沿线提取地下水进行融冰的可行性研究

通过对向斜洼地含水层水文地质特征的勘探及研究,对研究区的水文地质边界条件进行了概化,并用水均衡法估算了地下水资源量,对拟建一级电站引水渠沿线提取地下水进行融冰的可行性进行了研究,并提出了取水方案.     

淄博市洪山、寨里煤矿地下水串层污染形成原因及防治

淄博市洪山、寨里煤矿区隐伏的奥陶系灰岩裂隙岩溶水污染严重。水质污染突发于矿坑全面闭坑以后，污染范围与矿坑水区一致，地下水污染组份与矿坑水的高含量组份相同。水质恶化主要由矿坑水串层污染所致。在此针对串层污染形成原因及影响因素，提出了防治对策。     

河北省中东部平原区河道渗漏损失率分析探讨

依据引黄济翼（津）清凉江河道的输水资料，选择不同的研究河段，对河道渗漏损失率及与上游引水量的关系、河道入渗补给系数等进行了定量分析，探求了河北省中东部平原河道渗漏损失一般规律，可作为今后该区域水资源评价的重要依据。     

基于广义Kопытов模型及乙型水驱曲线的综合预测法

将广义Kопытов预测模型和乙型水驱曲线方法有机的结合起来，得到了油田开发中后期——递减时期的一种预测水驱开发油田的含水率、产油量、产水量及其相应的累积产量随开发时间变化的方法，此方法克服了在水驱油田预测开发指标中二者所存在的局限性。     

美国的湿地概念和保护立法

依据美国鱼类与野生生物服务局提出的湿地概念,涵盖三个属性:①水文学属性,洪涝或土壤饱和度;②植物生长属性,适于在水、土壤或氧气偶尔充足的介质中生长的植物;③土壤属性,植物生长期土壤上层、特别是植物根围区(水生土壤)产生缺氧条件的长期饱和土壤。根据植物和土壤条件湿地划分三大类:①水生植物与含氧土壤区域,如沼泽地,泥沼地;②没有土壤但有水生植     

蛭石资源概况及开发利用

概要地介绍了国内外蛭石资源的主要地质特征及其性质，进而简要说明了蛭石的应用领域、产品品种等方面的综合开发与利用。     

石英羟基水—分子水的分馏系数与常规混合水δD分析的关系

采集了4个不同地区花岗岩石英、热液脉石英，分析其中包裹体分子水与结构羟基水的含量、包裹体分子水的δDinclusion、结构羟基水的δDOH，计算了结构羟基水－包裹体分子水之间的D／H分馏系数αOH-inclusion。考查了混合水（结构羟基水＿包裹体分子水）δDwhole-water与单独包裹体水δDinclusion之间的差别，分析了这种差别与分馏系数αOH-inclusion的关系。结果表明：花岗岩样品中两种水之间的分馏系数小，分馏程度大，在常规分析中，若采用测定混合水δDwhole-water值代表实际流体（包裹体水）δDnclusion值时，二者间有较大的差异。热液石英脉样品总体来说分馏系数接近于1，分馏程度小，常规分析中引起的二者之间差异小。常规的分析方法用于分馏程度小的热液脉石英是可行的，但进行花岗岩石英水的氢同位素分析时有必要区分出包裹体水与羟基水。