内陆盆地的盐分布与平衡分析研究

在总结已有研究成果和系统分析水文、土壤、灌溉、水盐监测资料的基础上,应用系统分析方法、水盐运移理论和水盐平衡原理,通过对盆地、流域、灌区、农田和土壤剖面等不同层次盐分分布与盐平衡分析计算,分析了内陆盆地不同层次的“干排盐”形成与特征,认为干排盐是必不可少的,必须系统地考虑不同层次干排盐出路与动力条件,才能有效地治理灌区盐渍化问题。     

城市水环境承载能力研究

针对人类高强度活动区——城市水资源系统特点和存在的水环境问题,探讨城市水环境承载能力和水资源承载能力的概念及内涵;提出了计算城市水环境承载能力的"控制目标反推模型"(COIM模型),该模型主要包括:城市污染物排放量计算、控制断面径流量计算、控制断面水质指标计算、控制目标方程和城市水环境承载能力计算;以郑州市为应用范例,介绍城市水环境承载能力计算模型应用及水环境调控对策制定.     

地表水资源与天津粮食产量的宏观分析

分析了１９６３－１９９０年天津粮食产量与地表水资源的关系，同时计算了粮食产量随时间增长的趋势议程及扣除增长趋势的粮食相对产量序列。结果表明，由于天津地势低洼易涝，地表水资源量大于３５亿ｍ＾３的丰水年，粮食减产；而当年地表水资源量在３５亿ｍ＾３以下，前一年地表水资源量大于２０亿ｍ＾３，尤其是前一年为丰水年最有利于粮食增产。还分析了地表水资源对水稻、小麦、玉米等三种主要粮食作物的不同影响，揭示了地表水     

黑河中游荒漠绿洲农业适应气候变化技术研究

以我国第二大内陆河流域——黑河流域的中游荒漠绿洲为例,基于长期定位试验成果,研究了绿洲农业适应气候变化的技术及其潜力。结果表明,在田间水平上,垄沟灌溉种植、主栽作物与伴生植物混播种植、优化水肥管理、建立枣粮复合系统是绿洲农业适应气候变化的有效技术;在绿洲水平上,调整农业种植结构、加大农田林网规格和减少农田林网的灌溉次数、降低防风固沙体系中高耗水树种——杨树的比例等技术是应对气候变化的重要途径。综合评价结果表明,在黑河中游绿洲,通过推广上述技术,在不降低绿洲农业产值和不影响绿洲生态系统稳定性的前提下,初步估算每年可节水2.96×108m3,抵消了气温上升大约1℃所带来的蒸散发消耗量。     

Numerical analyses of uplift behavior of pile foundation for transmission line structure in frozen soil regions北大核心CSCD

Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

砂土中群锚锚周土体变形特性模型试验研究

群锚是常见的基础形式应用较为广泛,由于群锚之间的相互作用,群锚上拔过程中锚周土体的变形破坏机制比较复杂。采用非接触式数字图像相关方法（DIC）对群锚上拔过程开展模型试验研究,分析了群锚上拔过程中上拔力-位移关系曲线特征和锚周土体变形破坏机制。试验结果表明,密实度和埋深对群锚上拔力-位移关系曲线特征具有显著影响,在相同密实度、相同埋深率下浅埋与深埋群锚与同条件下的单锚具有相似的上拔力-位移关系曲线特征;群锚抗拔承载力具有明显的叠加效应,且砂土密实度、埋深和锚间距等参数因素对群锚效应具有显著影响。通过变形场的研究,得出了砂土密实度、埋深以及锚间距对群锚效应的影响规律。     

黄河源区气候变化的环境效应研究

以黄河源区气象台站的降水和气温资料以及玛多、达日、玛曲、唐乃亥和兰州水文站的径流资料为基础, 分析研究了该区降水、气温、水文变化趋势, 并对研究区的土地利用现状变化及原因进行了探讨. 结果表明: 在年代际变化趋势上, 黄河源区气温总体上呈升温态势, 降水呈减少趋势, 径流量也表现为减少趋势.土地利用现状的变化表明人类活动对研究区生态湿地的干预增强.自然因素和人类活动的综合作用, 使得黄河源区生态环境进一步恶化, 亟需进行人工干预, 保护和改善黄河源区生态湿地环境.     

水资源消费中的恩格尔效应初探

通过恩格尔定律极其统计方法对水资源的消费结构现状及变化规律进行了分析,从时间序列和空间分布的两个角度上对水资源消费结构进行研究,在水资源消费结构中引入了恩格尔定律,并通过分析论证,确定将农业用水看作水资源消费结构中的基本消费,并着重对此进行研究得出了水资源消费中存在的恩格尔效应及其作用规律。     

海河流域水平衡与水资源可持续开发利用分析与建议

海河流域水资源的可持续利用是关系海河经济社会发展的关键问题.本文对海河流域1998～2006年降雨、供水和用水情况进行了全面分析研究,并从流域水循环角度对海河流域降雨、ET耗水(流域蒸腾蒸发)和入海水量进行了研究,分析了海河流域水资源开发和利用的发展趋势,分析了南水北调条件下海河流域的水资源形势,提出实现海河流域水资源可持续利用的途径.根据海河流域水资源综合规划提出的调水量和节水规划分析,南水北调可以从根本上提高海河流域水资源和水环境的承栽力,届时水污染防治和地下水恢复将成为流域水资源保护和管理的重点.     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力的确定

在水泥土搅拌桩复合地基设计中,复合地基承载力是最重要的设计依据。本文通过对多个搅拌桩工程的单桩和复合地基载荷试验结果进行分析,发现工程中的水泥土单桩的实际承载力一般难以达到设计或理论计算值。在此基础上,对工程中如何确定水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力特征值提出了一些合理化建议。