Groundwater Systems and Eco-hydrological Features in the Main Karst Regions of China

1 Introduction Karst topography is widespread in China (Lu et al., 1973; Lu, 1986a), but its basic features are quite different in the main karstified areas in southern and northern China (Lu, 1999, 2003). The karst development appears to differ not only in the karst geomorphological types but also in the forms of the different karst water systems. The eco-hydrological features have obviously been influenced by human activities. The eco-hydrogeology is thus of great importance to study. Th…     

Intermediately complex models for the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system

This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the “red shift” of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, “desertification”, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. Especially, the weakening of “shading effect” of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney’s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.     

MODFLOW—一套的水文地质学实用计算软件

ＭＯＤＦＬＯＷ是水文地质学领域内一套实用的计算软件,文章对它的特点与应用,总结结构以及所包含的子程序包作了介绍,阐述了该软件的接触方式和在我国推广的必要性。     

DF—1型泡沫剂的研制和应用

从提高钻井效率,保护孔壁,提高岩矿芯采取率的技术要求出发,研制出专门用于多工艺空气钻进配制泡沫液和泡沫泥浆的新型泡沫剂－ＤＦ－１型泡沫剂,用该泡沫剂配制的低密度钻井液体系适用于低压漏失,孔壁失稳,干旱缺水等复杂条件的钻进,取得了令人满意的成效。     

天津及邻近地区中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征的研究

天津及邻近地区自１９６６年３月６日至今一般说来卅余年的时间内先后发生了邢台、渤海、唐山三次７级以上大地震和十余次６级中强地震,为研究该区的水文地球化学环境提供了有利条件,作者依据该区域内３９２口井,５０００多个水样,２０余个项目的分析资料,探讨了中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征,为探索利用水文地球化学方法判定潜在震源区开辟了新的途径。     

同心托起千秋业——黄河水文工作50年回顾

当我们迎来新中国50华诞之时,黄河也迎来了人民治黄以来的又一岁安澜。在这份凝重的安澜背后,浸透着黄河水文人50年来林风沐雨的汗水,也铭记着黄河水文战天斗地的不朽功业。1世纪回眸,沧海桑田50年黄河,是中华民族的摇篮,是我们伟大祖国的象征,她哺育了坚强不屈的中华民族,培育了光辉灿烂的华夏文明……黄河,也是一条维骛不驯、灾难深重的河流。它在塑造辉煌的同时也酿造了深重的灾难,其水少沙多、善淤善徙的复杂特殊性在世界上任何河流都无以伦比,被称为“心腹之患”……“治水必先悉其水性”,治黄首先要深人认识黄河,黄河水…     

阔步前进中的四川水文

伟大的社会主义祖国以雄伟刚健的步伐,度过了光辉灿烂的50年。四川水文经过50年的发展历程,面貌一新。回顾过去,我们为50年来四川水文取得的成绩感到自豪;展望未来,我们对四川水文的发展前景充满信心。l水文水资源站网伴随共和国建设的步伐发展,测报手段的科技含量大为提高,水资源监测项目不断完善1.1水文水资源站网新中国成立之时,我省水文工作的基础相当薄弱,全省仅有水文站对处、水位站34处、雨量站对处、泥沙站2处,且不少江河属水文空白区。新中国成立以来,水文监测站网发展较快,到1988年,全省实有水文站178处、水位站62处…     

陕西水文50年

陕西,地处我国西北内陆腹地东部,简称陕或秦,古称三秦。三秦大地,山河壮丽,自然景观奇特,历史悠久,人文资源丰富,被誉为华夏文化的缩影和中华民族的发祥地。“长安自古帝王都”,周。秦、汉、隋、唐等13个朝代曾在这里建都,“东有长安,西有罗马”,就是对这一史实高度形象的概括。陕西又是我国经济的重点区域,随着我国中西部经济发展战略的确立和新欧亚大陆桥经济带的形成,陕西在全国乃至全球经济布局中的作用和地位将越来越重要。全省面积20．6万km2,自北向南分别为陕北黄土高原、关中平原、陕南秦巴山地三大自然区。秦岭以北…     

视窗式水文数据库系统的探讨

从信息社会的视角来看,水文工作过程是一个采集、加工、存储分析和使用信息的过程。采用最新计算机技术,开发广泛适用的水文信息处理软件,满足高效快速处理庞大水文数据的需要,已经成为现代社会对水文工作的迫切愿望。笔者目前正在开发研制一种视窗式水文数据库系统,...