不同类型水处理剂对马海盐湖高不溶物钾盐矿浆的絮凝沉降及过滤性能研究

研究了焦磷酸钠、三氯化铁、硫酸铁、硅酸钠、丙酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙二醇等一些水处理剂与非离子聚丙烯酰胺组合后对马海盐湖高不溶物、低品位固体钾矿矿浆的絮凝沉降效果,找出了对钾矿矿浆絮凝沉降、过滤分离有较好效果的药剂组合。     

水资源污染与水安全问题探讨

随着工农业生产的发展和人们生活水平的提高，用水量急增，同时大量的工业炉和城市污水绝大部分未经处理便排入水体，赞成对有限水资源的严重污染，这些被污染的水资源相当一部分又作为城市饮用水源，这些水源只通过目前的常规给水处理其质量是不能满足人们对水的基本要求，本文主要分析我国目前水资源状况，水资源合理利用的重要性和强化水处理工艺及保护水资源的措施，提高水的安全性，保持水的可持续利用和社会经济的持续发展。     

膜技术应用进展

从膜分离方法的基本原理到材料及应用作了较为详细的介绍，并分析了今后膜技术在食品、卫生及水处理领域的应用与发展前景。     

Investigation of hydrolysis and coagulation mechanism of poly-iron coagulant

Chemical coagulation is very important in water treatment, in which coagulant is an essential part. Pre-polymerized Al^3＋ and Fe^3＋ products have been used in practice, continuously spread for many years. However, iron-based coagulant has become the focus of studies due to cumulative biologic toxicity of residual Al in treated water. Polyferric sulfate （PFS） and poly-silicic-ferric sulfate （PSF） are all pre-polymerized polymers of Fe^3＋ salts. The hydrolysis process and species distribution of Fe^3＋ ions have been investigated extensively by many chemists and water-treatment specialists. Generally, the coagulation mechanism of conventional or pre-polymerized coagulants was often studied through jar-test, absorption experiment, microstructure observation or hydrolysis species indirectly. However, few researches have been done on the hydrolysis process of PSF in detail and on the study of the coagulation mechanism using its hydrolysis species distribution until now. In this work, PSF was prepared using water glass, ferrous sulfate and sodium chlorate by a copolymerization method. The hydrolysis species distribution was theoretically derived from pH variation during hydrolysis process of PSF compared to that of polyferric sulfate （PFS）, and then characteristics [morphology, species size, Zeta potential, spectra of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra （IR）] and coagulation performances were explored between them. Coagulation mechanism was analyzed according to hydrolysis species distribution, characteristics and coagulation performances. The results showed that PSF gives different species distribution at different pH values and characteristics from those of PFS, leading to different coagulation mechanisms between the two coagulants.     

高盐矿井水深部转移存储介质特征与水动力演化规律

高盐矿井水处理及排放是近几年影响煤炭高效开采的重要因素之一,选择开采煤层底板下深部适当的含水层,将高盐矿井水进行异位转移存储是一种值得探索的矿井水排放减量方法。以鄂尔多斯盆地X矿为例,分析认为开采煤层以下宝塔山砂岩和深层刘家沟组砂岩地层具备转移存储空间。采取压汞实验和岩石力学分析研究2组地层介质特征;采用水位自然恢复试验、压水试验和数值模拟等手段研究水文地质参数和水动力场特征。结果表明:宝塔山砂岩孔隙率为6.57%~19.89%,储水潜力大但距离开采煤层过近,转移存储矿井水可能引起底板突水威胁,现今开采阶段不考虑作为转移存储目的层;刘家沟组孔隙率为4.18%~7.49%,原始状态下渗透系数为5.31×10-6 m/d,注水压裂后为0.008 14~0.015 27 m/d,渗透能力大幅提升并可保持稳定;MODFLOW模拟结果表明,刘家沟组含水层在长期转移存储矿井水方面具备较好前景。      

海洋生物高分子壳聚糖微孔树脂的开发

在简要评述甲壳素和壳聚糖的资源、产业及其应用特点的同时,着重叙述壳聚糖微孔树脂的制备、性质、功能和应用,从而展示壳聚糖及其微孔树脂的发展前景。     

煤矿矿井水净化处理与回灌治理技术

煤矿在开采煤炭的同时,会有大量的矿井污水排到地面,造成环境污染。为解决矿井水排放的污染问题,施工大口径回灌井和建造地面水净化处理厂,矿井水经处理后部分用于煤矿生产,多余部分通过回灌井注入地下,实现水资源循环利用和节能减排。通过梧桐庄矿工程实例,介绍了煤矿矿井水净化处理与回灌治理技术。     

淡水体系中透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)的研究进展

透明胞外聚合颗粒物(Transparent Exopolymer Particles,TEP)是水体中一类特殊的自由形态胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS),同时具有固相胶体相两相特点以及低密度、高碳氮比、高黏性等特点,因而对水体生态系统中的地球化学循环产生重要的作用。通过对国内外文献的查阅及太湖的调查研究,概述了国内外对于TEP研究的现状与动态。对其来源及形成,包括丰度分布、数量及生态意义进行综述。需要指出的是,尽管目前已经有许多关于海洋中TEP特性的研究,但是,对于淡水湖泊中TEP的研究仍然非常稀少。说明TEP在营养元素的地球化学循环过程中的作用及其重要性并没有得到充分的认识。未来的研究方向应该侧重淡水生态体系中TEP的来源及其形成机制方面,特别是与EPS库的其他形态之间的相互转化关系及与微生物、浮游植物(包括与水华暴发蓝藻)新陈代谢之间的关联机制,和TEP的降解、归趋及循环,以及对水体生态系统的影响等方面。此外,饮用水或污水处理中TEP对处理工艺的影响需得到重视。     

国内外矿井水处理及资源化利用研究进展

煤矿区矿井水处理及资源化利用是实现煤炭工业高质量发展与矿区生态文明建设双重目标的重要推力。在全球水资源短缺与生态环境保护的约束下,矿井水作为一种非常规水资源,其大规模处理与高效利用是未来发展的必然选择。文中从煤矿区矿井水水质特征出发,全面论述了矿井水水质形成机制与水质评价方法,并将矿井水水质形成划分为含水层水–岩作用和采空区水–岩作用2个阶段。系统分析了国内外含悬浮物矿井水、高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水及含特殊组分矿井水处理技术优缺点,重点阐述了含悬浮物矿井水高效旋流净化、高矿化度矿井水双极膜和膜蒸馏处理、酸性矿井水人工湿地处理的新技术。在总结国内外矿井水资源化利用现状的基础上,阐明了矿井水资源化利用的途径主要包括工业生产用水、生态用水、生活用水及热能利用4种。最后,提出了目前我国煤矿区矿井水处理及资源化利用存在的问题及科学思考,建立了矿井水处理及资源化利用概念模型,通过不断推进矿井水处理及资源化利用技术研发,提高矿井水资源综合利用率,解决煤矿区水资源供需矛盾,促进社会经济增长、煤炭资源开发与矿区生态文明建设三者之间的协同发展。     

Closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture

This paper deals with a new system of aquaculture, i.e., a closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture. The culture system consisted of several shrimp ponds, a mollusk water-purifying pond and a reservoir. During the production cycle, water circulated between the shrimp and mollusk ponds, and the reservoir compensated for water loss from seepage and evaporation. Constricted tagelus, Sinonovacula constricta, was selected as the cultured mollusk, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the cultured shrimp. The main managing measures during the production cycle were： setting and using the aerators; introducing the probiotic products timely into the shrimp ponds; adopting a “pen-closing” method for controlling shrimp viral epidemics; setting the flow diversion barriers in the mollusk pond to keep the circulating water flowing through the pond along a sine-like curve and serve as substrate for biofilm; no direct feeding was necessary for the cultured mollusk until the co-cultured shrimp was harvested; natural foods in the water from the shrimp ponds was used for their foods. Two sets of the system were used in the experiment in 2002 and satisfactory results were achieved. The average yield of the shrimp was 11 943.5 kg/hm^2, and that of the mollusk was 16 965 kg/hm^2. After converting the mollusk yield into shrimp yield at their market price ratio, the food coefficient of the entire system averaged at as low as 0.81. The water quality in the ponds was maintained at a desirable level and no viral epidemics were discovered during the production cycle.