上海石化总厂化工物料码头对附近水下地形变化的影响

分析了上海石化总厂化工物料码头周围水下地形工程前后的变化。指出在淤泥质岸段,由于沿岸工程的影响,造成工程附近水域动力环境的改变,水下地形随之作出相应的调整。特别在淤泥质岸段附近流急、含沙量高的水域中构筑沿岸工程,工程的水流下方一侧,水流减缓,水流挟沙能力大大减弱,出现明显的局部淤浅地形,为提高工程效益,对各工程之间的相互影响,应予以重视。     

无缆水下机器人组合导航系统

无缆水下机器人是我国首次开展的高技术课题,组合导航系统是无缆水下机器人研究中的关键部分,本文介绍了多种导航设备同时工作,经过信息综合处理获得高精度导航信息的组合导航系统和组合导航系统中所需要的坐标转换及卡尔曼滤波器的计算,为无缆水下机器人建立一个较理想的导航方式。     

海底管道开沟机械的技术经济性能评定与选型

本文在对水下管道开沟机械的需求市场、实际应用和研制开发动向作深入调研的基础上，选择水下管道开沟机械特有的技术先进性、适用性、安全可靠性以及经济性评价指标，构造评价模型，对水下管道施工作业中广为应用的水力冲射开沟机械、海底管道犁、机械开沟机和土壤液化法埋管设备及其机型的技术经济性能作了较为详尽地分析对比及综合评价。在此基础上，笔者提出了水下管道开沟机械的一般选型原则和对我国海底管道开沟机械研究开发工     

珠江口伶仃洋锋的类别及其对沉积的影响

根据近年在珠江口伶仃洋的观测资料，对比国外有关河口锋的定义，归纳了伶仃洋内几种锋的现象，计有潮侵锋、岬角锋及湖水退急时的浅滩锋等。解释了锋生的原因与潮汐进退，特别与随潮入侵的咸水关系。文中也探讨了这些锋对沉积环境的影响，认为它是陆架水入侵河口地区的一种不容忽视的沉积动力过程。     

塑料排水板加固水下软基的方法及设备

介绍了最新研制的水下软基处理船。其中包括塑料排水板插设、土工布铺设、水上定位和电脑监测记录方法和装置等。该船适用于多种水下软基处理工程,解决了深水塑料排水板加固软基的方法和设备问题。     

侧扫声纳技术在水下界址线测量中的应用

目前,沿海经济的强势发展导致用地矛盾不断凸显,各地不断提出向海要地的要求。为防止擅自扩大围填海范围的现象,水下界址线的精确测量成为其基础工作。侧扫声纳技术作为海底地形地貌的重要探测手段,本身精度满足水下界址线测量要求,同时可以提高探测效率。以广西防城港核电建设中填海界址和面积动态监测项目为例,论证了侧扫声纳系统在水下界址线测量中的可行性。同时指出,精确定位是进行围填海界址调查的关键技术。     

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.     

长江水下三角洲的动力沉积

2002年9-10月在长江水下三角洲获取了163个表层样,综合粒度、有孔虫、介形类、有机碳以及CaCO3含量的资料表明,研究区明显分为两部分,即长江河口现代三角洲扣晚更新世末期三角洲。根据表层沉积物的粒度特征,现代水下三角洲可以分为以黏土质砂扣细砂为主的前缘斜坡区(A区)、以黏土质粉砂为主的前三角洲区(B区)扣以砂一粉砂一黏土为主的三角洲向陆架过渡区(C区),呈现较为明显的粒径细化趋势,有机碳与黏土含量呈现明显的正相关,CaCO3含量的变化不大,从Pejrup图可以看出现代三角洲从A区到C区的动力递减变化。晚更新世末期三角洲(D区)粒径较粗,有孔虫扣介形类的氧化壳含量较高,有孔虫扣介形类的丰度扣含量也较高,CaCO3的含量较高,与现代三角洲形成明显的对照。对比20世纪70年代和80年代的资料,近岸物质趋向粗化,北支水下沙脊发育,现代三角洲不断向外扩展,残留砂面积减少。50多年来河口来沙的减少已经引起整个现代三角洲物质粗化,现代沉积区沉降中心面积大幅度减少。     

水下拖曳系统运动姿态仿真研究

采用凝集参数法建立了水下拖曳系统的三维离散模型,该模型由一系列的质量点和不计重量的弹簧组成.采用数学模型编程对NCEL浮球实验和四个典型拖曳系统进行了仿真计算.计算结果表明此数学模型具有一定的理论意义和工程实用价值.     

Higher Harmonics Induced by Waves Propagating over A Submerged Obstacle in the Presence of Uniform Current

To investigate higher harmonics induced by a submerged obstacle in the presence of uniform current, a 2D fully nonlinear numerical wave flume（NWF） is developed by use of a time-domain higher-order boundary element method（HOBEM） based on potential flow theory. A four-point method is developed to decompose higher bound and free harmonic waves propagating upstream and downstream around the obstacle. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data for free harmonics induced by a submerged horizontal cylinder in the absence of currents. This serves as a benchmark to reveal the current effects on higher harmonic waves. The peak value of non-dimensional second free harmonic amplitude is shifted upstream for the opposing current relative to that for zero current with the variation of current-free incident wave amplitude, and it is vice versa for the following current. The second-order analysis shows a resonant behavior which is related to the ratio of the cylinder diameter to the second bound mode wavelength over the cylinder. The second-order resonant position slightly downshifted for the opposing current and upshifted for the following current.