碱度长期胁迫对花鲈肾组织转录组的影响

为了解花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)的耐碱机制,本研究探讨了碱度长期胁迫对花鲈肾组织转录组的影响。研究设计了3个碳酸盐碱度梯度(0、15和30 mmol/L),基于Illumina Novaseq 6000高通量测序平台进行了花鲈肾组织转录组测序并进行了生物信息学分析。研究表明,con组(0 mmol/L)、AW15组(15 mmol/L)和AW30组(30 mmol/L)分别获得了163 197 546、145 296 406和141 892 236条Clean reads。与con组相比,AW15组和AW30组分别有142和3 103个差异表达基因上调,104和2 235个差异表达基因下调。随机选取9条差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,结果与转录组测序一致,表明本研究中RNA-seq结果具有较高的可靠性。GO富集分析发现,差异基因显著富集在气体运输、GTP酶活性的正调控和水解酶活性的正调控等方面;KEGG通路富集分析表明,差异基因显著富集在细胞周期、DNA复制和癌症中的蛋白多糖等方面。本研究发现了49个持续变化基因(fyn、ceacam和acsl等),这些...     

高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB反应器启动特性

在高盐环境下(含盐量3%)以耐高盐厌氧反硝化颗粒污泥作为接种污泥启动ANAMMOX-UASB反应器,研究其启动特性。结果表明,高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB启动成功仅耗时186 d,总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)去除率在87.5%以上,NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₂-N消耗量之比(Rs)、NH⁺₄-N消耗量与NO^-₃-N生成量之比(Rp)分别为1.13和0.26。启动成功后反应器中污泥由黑色逐步变为红褐色,污泥颗粒化形态较为明显。高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB启动成功后污泥中Heme c含量、硝酸盐还原酶(Nitrate reductase, Nar)活性、亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nitrite reductase, Nir)活性、联氨氧化酶(Hydrazine oxidase, HZO)活性、联氨合成酶(Hydrazine synthase, HZS)活性较接种污泥的增幅分别为8.00、6.74、8.34...     

氧化石墨烯负载纳米铜复合物的制备及其氢转移催化性能的研究

本文以NaH₂PO₂·H₂O和L-抗坏血酸为还原剂,以不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖(CHS)为稳定剂,制备氧化石墨烯(GO)负载纳米铜(CuNPs)复合物(GO-CuNPs-CHS)。利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)研究了壳聚糖脱乙酰度对GO-CuNPs-CHS中CuNPs尺寸形貌的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对GO-CuNPs-CHS进行了表征,探究了其对4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)的氢转移催化性能。结果表明,使用低脱乙酰度壳聚糖为稳定剂有利于制备小粒径、近球形的CuNPs。以脱乙酰度为52.3%的壳聚糖为稳定剂制备的GO-CuNPs-N3中CuNPs的平均粒径为(9.0±1.3)nm。GO-CuNPs-CHS的氢转移催化性能随着壳聚糖脱乙酰度的降低而逐渐增强,以GO-CuNPs-N3为催化剂时仅需8 min 4-NP转化率可达到98.4%,反应速率常数可达0.686 8 min^-1,反应活化能E_a为40.5 kJ·mol     

优化苦参配方颗粒HPLC含量测定方法

目的：优化苦参配方颗粒中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量的测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX NH2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相：乙腈-无水乙醇-3%磷酸溶液（80∶10∶10）;流速：1 ml/min;检测波长：220 nm;柱温：30℃,进样量：5μl。结果：苦参碱在73.620～736.200 ng范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为y=548.2629x-1200.6932,R=0.9999。氧化苦参碱在79.511～795.110 ng范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为y=533.4244x-560.8712,R=0.9999。精密度、重复性、稳定性试验RSD均<2%;苦参配方颗粒中苦参碱加样回收率在98%～103%之间,RSD为1.52%,氧化苦参碱加样回收率在99%～103%之间,RSD为1.17%。结论：该方法简便快捷,准确度高,重复性好,可为相关测定方法的改进提供参考。     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the northern East China Sea shelf margin and the Okinawa Trough

Volcanic rocks both from the northern East China Sea (NECS) shelf margin and the northern Okinawa Trough are subalkaline less aluminous,and lower in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE).These rocks are higher in Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE),thorium and uranium contents,positive lead anomalies,negative Nb-Ta anomalies,and enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE).Basalts from the NECS shelf margin are akin to Indian Ocean Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB),and rhyolites from the northern Okinawa Trough have the highest 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios.The NECS shelf margin basalts have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios,ε N d and σ 18 O than the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks.According to 40 K– 40 Ar isotopic ages of basalts from the NECS shelf margin,rifting of the Okinawa Trough may have been active since at least 3.65–3.86 Ma.The origin of the NECS shelf margin basalt can be explained by the interaction of melt derived from Indian Ocean MORB-like mantle with enriched subcontinental lithosphere.The basalts from both sides of the Okinawa Trough may have a similar origin during the initial rifting of the Okinawa Trough,and the formation of basaltic magmas closely relates to the thinning of continental crust.The source of the formation of the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks was different from that of the middle Okinawa Trough,which could have been generated by the interaction of basaltic melt with an enriched crustal component.From the Ryukyu island arc to East China,the Cenozoic basalts have apparently increasing trends of MgO contents and ratios of LREE to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE),suggesting that the trace element variabilities of basalts may have been influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate,and that the effects of subduction of the Philippine Sea plate on the chemical composition of basaltic melts have had a decreasing effect from the Ryukyu island arc to East China.     

生物标志物及其碳同位素在冷泉区生物地球化学研究中的应用

甲烷通量在很大程度上控制着海底冷泉区生物地球化学过程及生态系统。缺氧甲烷氧化(AOM)作用是消耗CH4的一种重要途径,主要是由甲烷氧化古菌和硫酸盐还原菌共同调节的,其反应机制及碳循环可以利用生物标志物及其碳同位素比值来表征。这两种微生物所产生的特定生物标志物都具有相对负的δ13C值,且硫酸盐还原菌生物标志物的δ13C值要比古菌的略偏正,说明在AOM过程中,甲烷碳从古菌到细菌的传递。甲烷通量决定海底冷泉区微生物群落结构,通量高时以ANME-2古菌群落为主,而OH-AR和BIPH两个生物标志物指标可以指示古菌群落结构变化。所以,利用生物标志物及其δ13C值不仅能够证明AOM作用的存在和反应机制,还可以对冷泉区(尤其是古冷泉区)环境及微生物群落结构进行分析和重建。     

镉或铬胁迫对拟穴青蟹血细胞总数和酚氧化酶活性的影响

采用实验生态学的方法研究了Cd2+或Cr6+胁迫1d,3d,5d,7d,9d后对拟穴青蟹血细胞总数(THC)和血清酚氧化酶(PO)活性的影响。结果表明,拟穴青蟹THC在Cd2+胁迫或Cr6+胁迫1d后即显著下降(P0.05),Cd2+胁迫对拟穴青蟹THC的影响较Cr6+胁迫大,持续时间长。随着胁迫时间延长至9d后,Cr6+胁迫下的拟穴青蟹THC可逐渐恢复至与对照组差异不显著状态(P0.05),然而0.075mg·L-1、0.1mg·L-1Cd2+胁迫组的拟穴青蟹THC仍显著降低(P0.05)。拟穴青蟹血清PO活性在Cd2+胁迫或Cr6+胁迫均被显著抑制(P0.05),但剂量效应关系不明显。拟穴青蟹血清PO活性在Cr6+胁迫1d后即表现被抑制,但持续时间较短;在Cd2+胁迫组即在胁迫5d后才呈现出被抑制,但持续时间较长。由此可见,镉胁迫或铬胁迫对拟穴青蟹THC和血清PO活性的影响显著。     

珠江口内伶仃洋沉积物重金属富集特征及其生态危害评价

对珠江口内伶仃洋表层沉积物中重金属的质量分数分布、富集状况进行分析,并采用潜在生态危害指数法进行评价。结果表明:Cu,Pb,Hg的质量分数分布由虎门海域沿珠江东西两岸向湾口呈递减趋势,Zn和5种金属累计质量分数则呈现为由西岸向东岸递减,Cd的质量分数分布无明显规律;Cu,Pb,Zn的富集程度较重,富集程度由大到小依次为PbCuZnHgCd;潜在生态危害评价显示,5种元素均属轻微生态危害,危害程度由重到轻依次为HgPbCuCdZn。     

埕东泡沫复合驱HPAM溶液黏度影响因素及对策研究

在油田现场复合体系的注入过程中,用回注污水配制的聚合物溶液黏度逐步下降至1～5 mPa.s,影响了现场试验效果。通过研究污水水质状况、腐蚀性、现场使用的各种化学剂以及泡沫驱体系引入的各因素对聚合物溶液黏度的影响,确定了聚合物黏度下降的主要因素,即污水中含有硫化氢（负二价硫）是造成井口注聚黏度低的主要原因。分析认为,负二价硫的来源主要是由于泡沫剂在硫酸盐还原菌的作用下转化产生的。根据聚合物黏度变化规律和降解机理,开展了聚合物黏度保留措施研究,并开展了聚合物降解抑制剂和氧化脱硫技术的现场试验。现场试验结果表明,配注聚合物溶液黏度可保持在15 mPa.s以上,增黏效果明显,对于注聚驱提高注入质量和效果具有指导意义。     

Geochemistry of the Martian Meteorite GRV 99027

GRV 90027 is a Martian lherzolitic shergottites (L-S) containing poikilitic, non-poikilitic, and melted pocket components. GRV 99027 is mainly composed of olive (55 vol%) and pyroxene (37.5 vol%), with minor maskelynite (6 vol%) and chromite (1.5 vol%), and trace whitelockite and troilite, ect. In this paper, the mineralogy and petrology of GRV 99027 are reported; in addition, the geochemical characteristics of the REEs and H isotopes in the GRV 99027 are also further investigated. The ΣREE in GRV 99027 is relatively low; HREEs are enriched in olivine and pyroxene grains; LREEs are enriched in plagioclase with a high positive Eu anomaly. High ΣREE value is found in rare mineral whitlockite (less than 0.2 vol%), LREE≈HREE, and whitlockite has a negative Eu anomaly. The REE distribution patterns of the whole -rock of GRV 99027 is similar to but different from that of other L-S Martian meteorites, indicating that they came from different location of Mars. GRV 99027 has a high δD value. Different water-bearing minerals give different contribution for δD value. The δD of phosphates generally does not correlate with water content, and δD has a weak negative correlation with water content. GRV 99027 can be classified as an L-S Martian meteorite based on mineralogical assemblage patterns, REE distribution patterns, and hydrogen isotope. The isotope data of Sr, Nd, Pb, Os and REE from other L-S Martian meteorites were collected to discuss the formation history of the GRV 99027. Similar to other L-S Martian meteorites, GRV 99027 originated from part of Mar's mantle; during one strong impact event about 4M years ago, the meteorites were ejected from deep mantle into space, and traveled for a different duration in space (indicated by different cosmic exposure time), and captured by the Earth later in different time, ultimately falling on the Antarctica as L-S Martian meteorites.