基于GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据的中国寒旱区植被动态及其与气候因子的关系

本文基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,用气象数据对中国的寒旱区作了初步的定义.利用GIMMS AVHRR NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)数据对中国寒旱区植被覆盖的情况进行了动态监测.采用最大化合成植被指数SINDVI,一元线性回归趋势分析和偏差分析得出寒旱区植被变化特征,并且结合各个气象台站的年平均气温和年总降水数据采用相关分析方法,分析植被动态对气候对气候变化的响应.得出结论:东北的长白山、大小兴安岭、山西的太行山、新疆的准格尔盆地和阿尔泰山的部分地区植被呈现明显退化趋势;而天山、喜马拉雅山、祁连山、阴山、蒙古高原、东北平原及大巴山的高山区,植被呈现改善趋势.中国寒旱区大部分区域植被变化与降水和温度均呈现正相关关系.     

杭州市市长蔡奇表示幸福与GDP不成正相关关系

去年,杭州被媒体评为最具幸福感城市。8000美元的人均GDP是不是会让杭州人比其他城市的居民更具“幸福”感,《瞭望东方周刊》第15期刊登对杭州市市长蔡奇的专访。     

龙首山直沟门岩体特征及构造环境

直沟门岩体(年龄374±38Ma)侵入于华北板块西缘的龙首山岩群,主要由花岗岩、二长花岗岩等岩性组成。根据野外产状和岩相学特征可划分为3个单元,从早到晚依次为:直沟门单元、湾湾圈单元和马路湾单元。岩体的w(SiO2)65.94%～75.18%,w(K2O)2.36%～4.35%,w(Na2O)3.53%～5.47%,总体上w(Na2O)≈w(K2O)。随w(SiO2)增大w(CaO),w(TFeO),w(MgO)减少,所有岩石均具铝弱过饱和,ANKC=1.01～1.09,岩浆类型属钙碱性系列,σ=1.99～2.64,皮可克指数为55.6。Li,Cs,Rb质量分数较低,而Ba,Sr较高,从早到晚大体存在Rb/Sr减少,而Sr,Ba,Co和Ba/K增加。湾湾圈和马路湾单元在∑REE((152.11～171.94)×10-6),∑LREE/∑HREE(24.81～26.92),δEu(0.91～1.10)以及配分模式等方面是相似的,与其相比,直沟门单元的∑REE(46.62×106),∑LREE/∑HREE(3.52)低,而δEu(1.60)高。w(La)与w(La)/w(Sm)大体存在正相关,δEu,∑REE与DI变化也相一致。直沟门岩体形成于祁连造山带碰撞阶段之后,属后碰撞花岗岩。在w(CaO)/w(Na2O)对w(Al2O3)/w(TiO2)图上,与拉克伦褶皱带后碰撞花岗岩的投影区相近。直沟门岩体的岩浆可能源自祁连褶皱带下冲火山岩。     

上海市大气降尘污染的地面气象背景特征

对上海市11 a(1993-2003年)的月降尘量和同期气象要素资料分析表明,降尘量的年际变化呈下降趋势、月际变化呈双峰型分布,气象因子是这种分布的主要影响因素;重点运用聚类分析方法将降尘地面气象背景分为A、B、C、D、E 5个类型,不同天气类型对降尘量的影响不同,其中A型最有利于降尘,其气象特征是偏南风频率、3 m/s以上风速频率、蒸发量和气温位居其他各类之首,降水量、雨日数、湿度中等,气压低.冬季,降水与降尘量呈现为一定的正相关关系.     

中国煤矿废弃物环境效应研究进展

简述煤矿废弃物的环境地球化学效应和治理方法。分别论述了煤矸石山的自燃、淋滤和煤矿矿井水的环境效应。研究发现，煤矸石自燃会释放出SO2、CO、H2S、CO2、NOx、CH4、多环芳烃(PAHs)等多种有毒有害物质；煤矸石中的有害元素As、Cd、F、Hg、Mo、Pb等含量多与硫化物、硫酸盐等正相关，连续化学浸取能将很大部分毒害元素溶出；矿井水直接排放会引起地下水位下降和环境污染。目前我国对煤矿废弃物的环境效应研究已经很重视，但煤矸石和矿井水资源化治理还存在一些问题。     

Heterotrophic bacteria of the Dapeng Bay in the South China Sea: community structure, abundance, and the relationships of culturablity with environmental factors

The community composition,abundance and culturablity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Dapeng Bay of the South China Sea were investigated by morphological method,bacterial cultivation and biochemical methods over an annual cycle.Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera among the Gram-negative bacteria.The bacterioplankton abundance fluctuated from 2.07×10 8 to 2.44×10 9 cells/dm 3 ,and culturable bacteria abundance ranged between 0.1×10 6 and 16.07×10 6 CFU/dm 3 .The Culturablity of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.01% and 1.31%.The relationship between bacterial culturablity and the environmental factors was also studied in different sites of the Dapeng Bay.Throughout the bay,a significantly positive relationship was evidenced between bacterial culturability and temperature,meanswhile bacterial culturability was significantly inversely related with salinity.The positive relationship was shown at the central bay while a negative relationship was observed at the bay mouth and there was no significant correlation at top bay between bacterial culturablity and chlorophyll a of sea water.A positive relationship was found between culturability and DIN all the bay,but DIP showed a significantly negative relationship with bacterial culturability only at the mouth of the bay.     

招聘启事

去年,杭州被媒体评为最具幸福感城市。8000美元的人均GDP是不是会让杭州人比其他城市的居民更具“幸福”感,《瞭望东方周刊》第15期刊登对杭州市市长蔡奇的专访。     

Arsenic distribution and hydrochemical factors in urban groundwater,Foshan City,South China

The distribution of arsenic （As） in shallow groundwater of eastern Chancheng District in Foshan City as a function of season and water table was investigated, and the influence of hydrochemical factors on the As distribution was discussed. The groundwater samples were collected from 20 sites in dry season and 9 sites in wet season. As concentrations in 20% groundwater samples exceeded value of the WHO guideline （10 μg/L）, and the highest As concentration of 23.5 μg/L occurred in dry season. It is observed that groundwater As concentration decreased with the increase of depth of water table in dry season, and were generally higher in wet season than that in dry season, indicating that ground surface As might be one of the main sources for shallow groundwater As in study area, especially in wet season. Groundwater As concentration in study area had significantly positive correlation with the concentration of Fe, Mn, NH4, F, and COD, and was positively correlated to pH, but negatively correlated to Eh and K, indicating that reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn （oxy）hydroxides might be one of the main control mechanisms for groundwater As mobilization, while pH and F also played an important role in controlling the groundwater As mobilization in study area.     

Distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

This study aims to explore the distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf,a natural semi-enclosed part of the South China Sea,surrounded by China and Vietnam.Meiofauna and ten benthic environmental factors were determined at 27 sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf in four surveys during 2006-2007.The results show a clear geographical trend in meiofaunal abundance,water depth,salinity and clay content.The meiofaunal abundance and the clay content decreased,whereas the water depth and the salinity increased from the north to the south of the Gulf.The percentage of meiofaunal abundance in the 0-2 cm layer increased,whereas in the 2-5 cm and 5-10 cm layers it decreased from the north to the south of the Gulf.Correlation analysis show significant negative correlations between meiofaunal abundance and water depth,benthic temperature,salinity and pH,but significant positive correlations between meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and clay content.