海洋环境下粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性与抗氯离子渗透性的耦合

针对海洋环境条件,重点研究了粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子渗透性能的相互关系.试验分别研究了水胶比、粉煤灰等量取代水泥掺量大小、引气剂掺量等因素对抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,粉煤灰不增加混凝土的抗海水冻融耐久性;粉煤灰增加混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,但是掺量超过30%,抗氯离子渗透性能下降;粉煤灰对混凝土抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性的耦合影响在30%左右存在一个最佳掺量.为评估混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子扩散性的耦合性能,提出了新的评价方法--冻渗比(R值方法),并进行了试验验证.SEM和MIP微观分析与R值方法评价的结果是吻合的.     

近年来长江河口北支水沙特性与河槽稳定性分析

根据崇头、青龙港、三条港和连兴港1950～2001年潮汐潮流观测资料和2005年6～7月的大、中、小潮及2007年5月5～10日沿北支河槽进行的两个连续潮周期水、沙、盐的现场观测数据并结合参考2005年的实测地形图.通过对长时间序列(1950～2001年)的分流比、年均流量、潮位、潮历时等数据的整理分析并与近期(1998～2005年)的水文特征值比较,发现随着北支分流量逐渐减少,河槽内强烈的潮波已成为影响北支河槽不稳定的主要因素;青龙港近年来(1998～2005年)平均高、低潮位出现增高,比多年(1950～2001年)平均高、低潮位分别高出15和17cm,是北支河床近年来持续性淤浅的体现;大潮期间北支河槽涨潮含沙量无论量值还是扩散强度均大于落潮,明显表现出河口涨潮槽具有的泥沙运动规律.自2001年以来除少数年份的小潮汛外,均表现出明显的涨潮优势,其中2002年3月大潮的潮量优势流仅为9.42%,显示出涨潮优势十分明显,说明北支河槽近几年来正朝着衰退的过程发展;2005年北支河槽-2、-4和-6 m等深线均呈喇叭状,闭合端指向上游,符合涨潮槽的几何形态;再从河槽类型系数(λ)看,大潮期间λ值均大于1,最大值为31.1,涨潮槽特征显著;而洪季中、小潮各测站λ值均小于1,最小值为0.000 3,A、B两测站在大潮时λ值均大于1,而小潮时又都小于1,显示北支河槽虽主要表现为涨潮槽的特征,但洪季受径流和潮汛影响,其涨潮槽特性不稳定.总体而言,目前北支河槽为一条不稳定的废弃型涨潮槽.     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

Wavelet analysis and nonparametric test for climate change in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang during 1959–2006

Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature, annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards. The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001. 4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious.     

关于非齐次马氏链的强极限定理

主要研究了非齐次马氏链的强极限定理.首先应用鞅差序列收敛定理给出了关于非齐次马氏链的任意k元函数一类平均值的极限定理.最后得到一系列相关状态序偶出现频率的推论.     

拓扑线性空间中存在非连续线性算子的充要条件

在拓扑线性空间中存在非连续线性泛函的基础上,给出了拓扑线性空间中存在非连续线性算子的充要条件,即拓扑线性空间中存在不闭的线性真子空间.     

丽水地区地质灾害的人为因素分析与非工程性防治措施

丽水地区是浙江省地质灾害最严重的地区之一,近年来有多个县（市）发生了多起重大地质灾害事故,并遗留有多处灾害隐患点。从统计汇总上看,人为因素在丽水地区地质灾害发育及形成中起着十分重要的作用。本文分析了人为因素在地质灾害形成中的作用方式和途径,地质灾害的社会特性,并提出了非工程性防治措施。     

非球形轴对称粒子光散射的散射矩阵元素展开系数的数值计算

扼要地介绍了非球形粒子光散射的散射矩阵元素按广义球函数展开的基本理论,以及球形粒子散射矩阵元素间的关系。在此基础上较详细地阐述了计算展开系数的方法以及在程序研制中所遇到的一些问题。最后,对非球形的Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ粒子光散射的散射矩阵元素的展开系数进行了计算,结果表明数值技术和计算的正确性。     

Preparation and charaterization of self-assembled nanoparticles based on linolenic-acid modified chitosan

1 IntroductionHydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers,also known as hydrophobized polymers, are thosemodified by hydrophobic groups such as alkyl,arolkyl, and deoxycholic acid. In water, they canself-aggregate due to their intro- and/or intermolecularhydrophobic interaction. By this process, unique hy-drogel nanoparticles with hydrophobic core and hy-drophilic shell can be prepared, which is a new ap-proach to preparing the monodispersed hydrogelnanoparticles (Whitesides et al., 1991; …