提高矿产资源综合利用效率促进循环经济可持续发展

矿产资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,但绝大多数矿产资源是不可再生的耗竭性资源。在我省,90％以上的能源、80％以上的工业原料、70％以上的农业生产资料均来自矿产资源,在当前资源紧缺、环境压力增大的情况下,采取切实有效的措施提高矿产资源综合利用效率,对于经济可持续发展是十分重要的。[第一段]     

铂族元素测试分析中试样预处理方法研究

铂族元素(简称PGE)包括Rh,Ru,Pd,Pt,Ir,Os6个元素,在自然界中含量极低,且分布不均匀,一般是10-9~10-12,研究其痕量和超痕量的分析方法具有重要意义。试样的预处理效果直接影响到仪器测试分析数据的质量,针对具体样品采用适当的样品消解方法并辅之合适的分离富集手段,是铂族元素     

基于GIS的龙桥镇地质灾害易发分区评价

本文结合地质灾害形成的区域地质条件、人类工程活动等诱发条件和地灾发育现状条件,以定性评价为基础,通过信息系统空间分析定量计算对庐江县龙桥镇1∶10 000地质灾害易发性进行分区并评价。依据危险性等级阀值将其划分为高易发、中易发、低易发3个区,其中地质灾害高易发区面积为22.45 km²,占全区总面积的21.34%;中易发区面积为26.44 km²,占全区面积为25.13%;低易发区面积为56.31 km²,占全区面积为53.52%。     

三杯风速传感器非水平风场测量性能

为解决三杯风速传感器在计量检定条件下与观测场景中环境差异所导致的测量数据误差,致力于研究空气流速计量标准在量值传递过程中的真实性、准确性和一致性,为新一代三杯风速传感器作为计量器具的新产品型式评价提供思路和参考指标,依据杯式测风仪测量方法与自动气象站风速风向传感器检定规程,并在实验中加入了主体由角度编码器构成的自动化转盘系统,设计了三杯风速传感器在非水平风场内测量性能水平实验。通过调整三杯风速传感器在风洞试验段内的倾斜角度,模拟其在自然界非水平风场中的测量状态,同步采集风洞的标准指示风速、三杯风速传感器的实测风速以及其相应的倾斜角度,计算示值误差,利用方差分析、趋势分析、相关性分析和线性回归分析等统计方法,对不同倾斜角度下三杯风速传感器示值误差进行研究,得出了三杯风速传感器在风洞试验段内的示值误差与实测风速和倾斜角度之间的相关关系,提出了三杯风速传感器在非水平风场下的测量性能指标。研究了三杯风速传感器在非水平风场中实测风速与标准风速和倾斜角度的回归关系,提出了三杯风速传感器在计量环境下非水平风场中数据的量值传递修正算法。     

Wavelet analysis and nonparametric test for climate change in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang during 1959–2006

Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature, annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards. The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001. 4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious.     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

旋转载体多天线对GPS卫星可见性分析

利用GPS测量高动态旋转载体飞行轨迹时,一般采用多个天线实现对GPS卫星的连续覆盖。如何选取合理的天线数,在增强天线覆盖特性和降低接收机设计的复杂性等方面达到最优,需要进行分析计算。在综合分析卫星仰角、GPS天线增益以及空间载体旋转对GPS卫星可见性影响的基础上,采用一种新的卫星可见性判断方法,仿真验证了不同天线数在载体旋转条件下对GPS卫星的连续覆盖特性,给出了适用于旋转载体弹道测量的合理的天线数目,具有一定的工程实用意义。     

多相位水平集高分辨率遥感影像非监督分类

高空间分辨率遥感影像(特别是城区场景)常表现出高的光谱异质性、地物细节丰富且地物拓扑关系复杂等特点,这对影像分类产生较大干扰,导致分类精度不高。针对以上情况提出一种新的非监督多相位水平集分类方法:该方法以基于区域竞争思想及Bayes准则的多相位水平集分类框架作为高分辨率遥感影像分类的基础,通过采用Parzen窗非参数密度估计方法来改善复杂场景下样本概率密度估计的准确性,从而增加分类模型的抗干扰能力;此外,为提高多水平集模型演化效率,在模型求解中提出一种简单而有效的水平集函数重初始化方案。通过与前人工作的试验对比及分析,验证了提出的模型在复杂场景及存在上述干扰的情况下表现出好的分类效果。     

密度权稳健估计

利用观测量分布函数作为权函数的计算公式,分析了密度权法的抗差性和收敛速率,证实了用密度权法处理含粗差数据是行之有效的。     

基于离散和不均匀点追踪剖分等值线的关键技术

等值线图是在二维平面上把一种空间分布现象中具有相同数值的点连接而成的图形。它是数据与图像的结合,使人能够很好地看到数据变化的趋势,直观地看到计算机模拟的结果,因此它是众多领域成果表示的重要图件之一。本文以MapGIS软件为例探讨了如何根据离散高程点(或者其他特征点)绘制等值线,以及绘制过程中一些关键技术问题及其处理方法;详细介绍了绘制等值线的方法步骤以及笔者在工作中的经验技巧。