新疆相对资源承载力评估模型构建及其实证分析

在分析了区域人地关系系统基础上构建区域PRED系统,相对资源承载力模型进行了4方面改进：（1）基于人地关系理论和可持续发展理论构建区域PRED系统模型,将人口、资源、环境、社会和经济各子系统相对资源承载力进行整合。（2）在自然资源子系统中加入了林业用地面积和建设用地面积两个重要指标,在环境资源子系统中加入了环境污染治理投资总额,并在社会资源了系统中加入了全社会固定资产投资总额这一指标。（3）提出了加权平方平均相对资源承载力模型,并利用该模型对新疆维吾尔自治区（以下简称新疆）2000-2014 年相对资源承载力进行。（4）结合脱钩理论对相对资源综合承载力与资源环境、社会经济因子之间的关系进行研究。结果表明：采用改进后的相对资源承载力模型得出评价结果更符合资源匹配度较差地区的实际情况;新疆各要素相对资源承载力平均水平由大到小的顺序是：平均自然资源承载力、平均综合承载力、平均环境资源承载力、平均社会资源承载力、平均经济资源承载力。研究期间一直处于富余状态,自然资源优势相对突出,但是环境资源、经济资源、社会资源劣势也很明显,新疆综合承载力与资源环境、经济社会要素的矛盾十分突出。     

INTEGRATION OF THE MODELS OF ANNAGNPS AND REMM TO ASSESS RIPARIAN BUFFER SYSTEM FOR SEDIMENT REDUCTION

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) is used to help evaluate a watershed response to agricultural management practices to control water quality. However, AnnAGNPS version 3.5 does not contain features to estimate the effect of a riparian buffer (RB) system on water quality. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) is used to simulate the impact of riparian buffer systems on water quality. However, frequently the lack of measured upland loadings that are required by REMM simulation limits the application of REMM. To address this data gap, a study was conducted to integrate AnnAGNPS with REMM for RB system simulation. AnnAGNPS was used to simulate water and sediment loadings from an upland field into a three-zone RB system at the Gibbs Farm located in the Georgia coastal plain. These AnnAGNPS outputs were used as the inputs to REMM. REMM was used to simulate water and sediment movement along the riparian buffers. The AnnAGNPS simulated amount of annual runoff at the edge of the field was close to observed amounts (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.92). It is believed that a substantial portion of sand was removed from the runoff one meter into the grass buffer where the samplers were located; therefore, sand was excluded from the AnnAGNPS simulation for comparison with observed sediment. Excluding sand, the AnnAGNPS predicted amount of annual sediment matches the observed amount fairly well (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.46). In addition, based on evaluating the percent reduction of sediment at each zonal interface, the AnnAGNPS/REMM model well simulated the function of the RB system to reduce sediment.     

基于HJ-1数据的木孜塔格峰地区雪深时空变化

以木孜塔格峰地区为研究区,从不同坡度、坡向的样方内测量雪深和采集光谱,通过分析归一化差分雪盖指数（Normalized Difference Snow Index,NDSI）、反照率、HJ-1卫星的红外波段反射率与雪深的相关关系,建立了适用于HJ-1星的积雪深度反演模型,估算出2012年4月14日-25日木孜塔格峰地区的雪深时空变化,并结合实测数据进行验证。结果表明:反照率反演模型的复相关系数为0.992;通过NDSI阈值区分混合雪盖像元和积雪像元,雪深估测精度可达92.78%。冰川区的反照率、NDSI与海拔的相关系数分别为0.626和0.733,且高海拔带反照率值明显高于低海拔带的反照率值。受西风带降雪的影响,非冰川区的北坡雪深值较大;西坡、南坡次之;东坡最小,且雪深最大值出现在坡度约等于10°处。雪深估测的相对误差随着样地的坡度增大而增加,坡度为15°时相对误差较大。     

双节点有限元模拟直立走滑断裂地震位移场

结合位错理论和有限单元法，对介质横向不均匀性引起的直立走滑断裂地震水平位移场不对称性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明，断层两侧介质泊松比和弹性模量的横向不均匀性，均可以引起直立走滑断层同震破裂及地震位移场的不对称性，其中，断层两侧介质的剪切模量比(刚度比)对直立走滑断裂地震位移场不对称性起主要作用。     

因子计量模型法在区域地球化学勘查中的应用

因子分析结果受样品数量的影响，同一件样品的因子计量也随之发生变化，使传统因子计量方法在地球化学数据处理中的应用受到一定的限制。因子计量模型法综合了因子计量的优点和利用模型找矿的思路，通过选定的某一典型地质单元计算因子计量系数矩阵，建立因子计量模型，用模型类比未知区。该方法使因子计量图的地球化学意义更加明确，并且可节省重新处理数据的工作量。因子计量模型方法和传统因子计量方法应用于某地区1：20万水系沉积物地球化学数据处理，因子计量模型法得出的地球化学异常规律性更为明显，更好地反映了区域地质构造与异常的关联性，有利于异常的解释和评价。     

相关稳健估计及其在测量数据

在对现有的基于等价权的稳健估计的弊端进行分析的基础上,直接从方差膨胀模型出发,建立起一套基于调整观测量方差-协方差阵的相关稳健估计方法,并通过算例证明其估计思想、模型的正确性和可行性.     

Estimating overland flow erosion capacity using unit stream power

Soil erosion caused by water flow is a complex problem. Both empirical and physically based approaches were used for the estimation of surface erosion rates. Their applications are mainly limited to experimental areas or laboratory studies. The maximum sediment concentration overland flow can carry is not considered in most of the existing surface erosion models. The lack of erosion capacity limitation may cause over estimations of sediment concentration. A correlation analysis is used in this study to determine significant factors that impact surface erosion capacity. The result shows that the unit stream power is the most dominant factor for overland flow erosion which is consistent with experimental data. A bounded regression formula is used to reflect the limits that sediment concentration cannot be less than zero nor greater than a maximum value. The coefficients used in the model are calibrated using published laboratory data. The computed results agree with laboratory data very well. A one dimensional overland flow diffusive wave model is used in conjunction with the developed soil erosion equation to simulate field experimental results. This study concludes that the non-linear regression method using unit stream power as the dominant factor performs well for estimating overland flow erosion capacity.     

广西早春旱的前期大气环流特征及预报方法

本文研究了广西早春旱的前期大气环流异常特征，分析了春旱形成的原因，找到广西早春旱的长期预报因子、关键月份、关键区，建立了最优预测模型。     

航空影像与数字地面模型的配准

介绍了一个通过确定航空摄影飞机空间位置和姿态来辅助飞机导航的算法。该算法将航摄像片与已知数字地面模型配准，从而获取像片的空间位置和姿态。