Evaluating the Dependence of Vegetation on Climate in an Improved Dynamic Global Vegetation Model

The capability of an improved Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) in reproducing the impact of climate on the terrestrial ecosystem is evaluated. The new model incorporates the Community Land ModelDGVM (CLM3.0-DGVM) with a submodel for temperate and boreal shrubs, as well as other revisions such as the two-leaf scheme for photosynthesis and the definition of fractional coverage of plant functional types (PFTs). Results show that the revised model may correctly reproduce the global distribution of tempera...     

三峡库区高切坡致灾因素及防护对策——以重庆市万州区为例

三峡库区百万移民的搬迁建设导致大量高切坡的形成。未及时治理或治理不当的高切坡,不同程度地发生破坏,影响了人们的正常生活,甚至引发了地质灾害。因此,科学认识及治理高切坡十分必要。重庆市万州区高切坡主要有风化及差异风化、崩塌和土体滑塌等破坏形式。影响破坏的因素主要为工程地质条件、气候及时间效应。针对高切坡不同的破坏形式,以安全、经济及环境和谐的人文理念作为设计指导思想,充分论证了高切坡的防护方案,即：削坡、排水以及格构防护较适合万州区高切坡的防护。这些措施,既能很好地解决高切坡的防护问题,又能兼顾环保、降低造价。研究结果可以作为三峡地区高切坡类地质灾害防护设计的参考。也可为其它流域类似问题借鉴。     

浅析公路边坡防护与加固

介绍了公路边坡防护与加固的类型,对各类防护与加固方法的优缺点进行了分析,并结合隆昔公路的工程实践提出意见和建议。     

Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine,Middle Benue Trough,Nigeria

This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (10%). Levels of Zn, Pb and Cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leavescassava tuberspeelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of ZnFeMnCuPbCrCd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.     

福建闽江口外海岸植物生态

记录了福建闽江口266种海岸高等植物,其中草本占70.2%、灌木占21.4%、藤本和乔木占8.4%.喜盐种在河口的内侧、中区和外侧占总数的百分比分别为5.7%,6.8%和11.8%.二叶红薯、南方碱蓬和番杏是盐碱土的指示种.在内侧近淡水区有繁茂的咸水草、芦苇和芦竹     

科尔沁沙地植物生态型与地下水位及土壤水分的关系研究

水分是干旱区植物生长的限制因子,以生态适宜性理论为基础,根据科尔沁沙地植被生态型及典型样带调查试验资料,系统分析了植物生态型与地下水位埋深及土壤含水率的定量关系。分析表明:湿生、中生、中旱生和旱生植物地下水位埋深的变化范围分别为0.45～1.66 m、0.95～2.20 m、2.20～4.59 m和3.45～7.45 m;植物根系土壤表层含水率的变化范围分别为2.70%～25.54%、0.80%～13.32%、0.41%～2.25%和0.28%～0.44%;植物根系层含水率的变化范围分别为5.59%～54.80%、3.59%～9.19%、0.71%～3.59%和0.16%～0.78%。同时湿生植物与中生植物、中旱生植物与旱生植物有一个地下水位埋深过渡范围,其值分别为0.95～1.66 m和3.45～4.59 m;有一个植物根系土壤表层含水率过渡范围,其值分别为2.70%～13.32%和0.41%～0.44%;有一个根系层土壤含水率过渡范围,其值分别为5.59%～9.19%和0.71%～0.78%。     

基于GML的地理信息发布系统的安全防护研究

GML是构建地理信息发布系统的一种工具,在当前广泛采用的以Browser/Server方式开发的3层体系结构的地理信息发布系统中得到了极大的应用.但这种以GML为应用策略的地理信息发布系统存在着一定的安全隐患.此处分析了这种安全隐患,把主动防御的思想应用到地理信息发布系统的安全防护框架中,分别说明了安全防护、入侵检测、攻击响应、事故恢复等子系统在地理信息发布系统安全防护中所起的作用.     

人工湿地的植物选择和净化效果评价

为优化人工湿地植物的水体净化功能和景观生态效果,构建了表流人工湿地不同植物组合的评价体系,分析了湿地植物组合的应用潜力。评价体系选用一级、二级评价指标,一级指标包括植物特性、净化能力、社会经济功能和景观功能;二级指标包括耐污性、耐寒性、氮、磷、COD的去除率和植物维护管理等15项指标。通过计算每种植物组合的指标分数,判断在不同情况下最适合的植物组合。结果表明:在处理污染严重的污水时,芦苇—浮萍—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.80,属于“优”级;在处理污染较轻的水体时,芦苇—凤眼莲—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.74,属于“良”级。湿地植物评价需更加详细并符合当地环境条件的评价指标。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠公路固沙植物立地条件分区评价

塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线气候恶劣、土壤和浅层地下水的含盐量高,沿线天然植被稀少,沙漠腹地仅发现12种能忍耐干旱和抗盐的植物种。经过科学试验,已经解决了沙漠腹地灌溉条件下固沙植物引种、选育和咸水灌溉等一系列人工绿地建设的技术难题,并且已经引种固沙植物50多种,建成沙漠公路固沙、基地绿化人工绿地43.3 hm2。沙漠人工植物栽培离不开灌溉。因此,主要从沿线土壤盐分状况,可利用水资源分布来评价植物固沙的立地条件。评价结果,在塔里木河近现代冲积平原有古河道淡水可以利用,昆仑山山前冲洪积扇普遍赋存可以利用的咸水。但全线可利用水资源的量不足以维持常规灌溉方式,必须采取节水灌溉,尽量节省资源,一些地方生物防沙要结合工程固沙,形成工程生物防沙体系,保证公路的畅通。     

Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.