中国近代金矿开发概貌

总结了我国清末至民国初期(1840—1920年)长达80年的金矿开发概貌,按现行政区划,共涉及21个省。对各省的金矿,既扼要探讨历史沿革,又尽量地汇集具体产金地名及有关地质矿产信息,期望达到治史与古为今用相结合的双重目的。     

近场源激电法在桂西北两个金矿床的初步试验

本文通过对桂西北地区金牙、高龙两个微细粒浸染型金矿床进行的近场源激电法试验,在已知矿体上均获得较明显的极化率异常,其辅助参数(Js、Gs、Ps)亦有显示,其异常形态大体与矿体或矿化体产状一致。该法对寻找和评价该类型金矿床有一定的实用价值。     

嵩县前河金矿四号矿带地质及原生晕特征

前河金矿四号矿带为构造蚀变岩型金矿床。矿体赋存在熊耳群火山岩中,严格受东西向构造破碎带控制,破碎带蚀变强烈,种类繁多,与成矿最密切者为绢云母化、硅化和黄铁矿化。矿带原生晕表现为低背景,高异常,Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu与Au密切相关,为找矿标型元素。     

Rare-earth element mobility during ore-forming hydrothermal alteration: A case study of Dongping gold deposit Hebei Province,China

REE mobility during hydrothermal ore-forming processes has been extensively investigated in recent years and the potential of REE to provide information about ore forming processes has commonly been recognized.The Dongping gold deposit,which is located in northwestern Hebei Province,China,occurring in the inner contact zone of the Shuiquangou syenite complex,is spatially,and probably genetically,related to the syenite,the deposit was formed under the moderate to high temperature(220℃ to 320℃),weakly acidic to weakly alkaline,rather high fo2(lgfo2=-30～-34)environment.The REE study of the host rocks,altered wall rocks,ores and gangue minerals from the deposit suggests that the REEs have been mobilized and differentiated during K-feldspathization and silicification.The extremely altered syenite enveloping auriferous quartz vein shows positive Ce anomaly and larger LREE/HREE ratio than that of the unaltered syenite.The REE concentrations and patterns of the ores are determined by the ore types and mineral assemblages,LREE/HREE ratios in the gangue quartz and hydrothermal Kfeldspars are relatively low.The most significant observation is that the gangue quartz shows significant positive Eu anomaly,whereas the hydrothermal K-feldspars show less significant or no positive Eu anomaly at all relative to the primary feldspar in the unaltered syenite. It is evident that the REEs are mobile during K-feldspathization and silicification in the ore forming process.Weak to moderate K-feldspathization caused REE mobility without apparent differentiation with the exception of extreme K-feldspathization and silicification which resulted in significant depletion of HREE and Eu and relative enrichment of Ce.The REE,Y,U,Th and Au contents of the syenite decrease as the degrees of K-feldspathization and silicification of the rocks increase towards the auriferous quartz veins.As the ores were deposited under a rather oxidized environment,Ce^4 predominated over Ce^3 .The precipitation of the former in the form of CeO2 or absorpted onto the secondary mineral assemblage resulted in the inconsistent removal of the REE and the relative Ce enrichment in the strongly altered rocks.in contrast,Eu was present mainly in a low valence state (Eu^2 ).The geochemical differences from the other REE^3 and much less sites in the secondary minerals to accommodate the Eu released form the original minerals resulted in the enrichment of Eu in the fluids.The mobility and differentiation of REE and the coherent mobilities of Y,U,Th and Au also support the argument that the syenite is one of the source rocks for gold mineralization.The REE contents and patterns of the altered rocks enveloping the auriferous quartz vein could be used as a guide for locating ore veins in mineral exploration.     

基于地质异常的"5P"找矿地段的定量圈定与评价

根据其规模,地质异常被划分为全球性地质异常、区域地质异常、局部地质异常和显微地质异常.不同尺度的地质异常对不同等级的矿产资源域(体)具有对应控制关系.即全球性地质异常控制洲际成矿域的分布,区域地质异常控制成矿省的分布,局部地质异常控制矿田、矿床和矿体的分布,查明这种对应控制关系是地质异常矿体定位的前提;显微地质异常是矿体空间定位的标志.基于地质异常致矿理论提出的"5P"找矿地段是成矿可能地段(Probableore-formingarea)、找矿可行地段(Permissiveore-findingarea)、找矿有利地段(Preferableore-findingarea)、矿产资源体潜在地段(Potentialmineralresourcearea)和矿体远景地段(Perspectiveorebodyarea)."5P"找矿地段概念及其定量圈定与评价方法是对矿产勘查全过程的系统概括.以山东省鲁西隆起区金矿系统定量勘查评价为例阐明了上述地段的定量圈定及评价方法.     

内蒙撰山子金矿赋存规律及成矿预测

内蒙赤峰南部众多金矿床（点）多集中在槽区的地台一侧,而撰山子是赤峰地区产于槽区的唯一成型的金矿床。撰山子金矿赋存规律的研究,不但对该矿生产有指导意义,而且对该区槽区找矿工作也有十分重要意义。在研究金矿赋存规律的基础上,指出了找矿远景区。     

黔东南锦屏-天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析

在前人工作基础上,侧重研究石英脉型金矿床成矿的地质背景,建立了该类型金矿的成矿模式。进而开展三轴温压条件下的成岩成矿实验,构造形变特征及其与成矿物质活化、迁移、富集之间的相互关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明:(1)该区岩石、矿石在高温高压条件下,产生塑性变形(褶皱)和脆性变形(破裂);(2)在变形过程中使成矿物质活化、迁移和富集,形成顺层及穿层的含金石英脉,并在多期多次变形过程中使成矿物质叠加富集;(3)在褶皱(背斜)轴部形成富矿体。模拟实验结果与所建立的该类型金矿构造控矿和成矿模式非常相似。实验资料的力学分析表明,由轴压所产生的构造附加压力大大地提高了实际围压,从而促进了岩石流变、变形和物质的迁移,由此促进含矿流体向构造附加压力小的部位定向迁移、充填和成矿。构造附加压力是促进该区金成矿的重要动力条件。     

西秦岭寨上金矿床中石英和绢云母40Ar/39Ar定年

寨上金矿是西秦岭地区近年新发现的大型金矿床。为确定该金矿床的成矿时代,对其含金石英、蚀变绢云母进行了40Ar/39Ar快中子活化法测定。2件样品的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄及等时线年龄分别为(130.62±1.38)Ma、(129.24±1.23)Ma和(125.28±1.26)Ma、(125.56±1.20)Ma,测试结果可信。40Ar/39Ar法年龄测定结果表明,寨上金矿床形成于燕山晚期,并可能历经了约5Ma时间最终形成。对西秦岭地区已有的金矿床测年数据进行分析后认为,该区可能存在3个金矿成矿高峰期,即220~170Ma、130Ma前后和50Ma左右。     

黑龙江老柞山金矿成矿规律研究及深部矿体预测

阐述了老柞山金矿的成矿地质条件、矿体地质特征,总结了成矿规律。其中断裂构造的交汇部位是矿体产出的有利地段。具体的控矿地质因素为:矽卡岩因素、成矿阶段因素、矿物的组合因素、矿体侧伏规律等。根据上述规律对老柞山金矿的东采区进行了深部预测,将东采区划分为两个金矿体侧伏带,其中南侧金矿体群的侧伏特征指示了220m标高以下金矿体群有向下延伸的可能,北侧的金矿体群在140m标高向上和向下都有延伸的可能。     

广南堂上金矿多种金矿化的发现

在不到10km^2的范围内，集中发现了滇黔桂金三角地区常见的多种矿化类型：微细粒浸染型金矿、不整合面上金矿（大厂层）、基性火山岩金矿、火山碎屑沉积型金矿、石英脉型金矿、现代河流沉积中的砂金，且存在不同的找矿标志。