Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in Natural Terrestrial Waters：A Review of What Is Currently Knows

The range of observed chemical compositions of natural terrestrial waters varies greatly especially when compared to the essentially constant global composition of the oceans.The concentrations of the REEs in natural terrestrial waters also exhibit more variation than what was reported in seawater,In terrestrial waters ,pH values span the range from acid up to alkaline,In addition,terrestrial waters can range from very dilute waters through to highly concentrated brines.The REE concentrations and their behavior in natural terrestrial waters reflect these compositional ranges,Chemical weathering of rocks represents the source of the REEs to natural terrestrial waters and ,consequently,the REE signature of rocks can impart their REE signature to associated waters,In addition,Because of the typical low solubilities of the REEs both surface and solution complexation can be important in fractionating REEs in aqueous solution.Both of these processes are important in all natural terrestrial waters,however,their relative importance varies as a function of the overall solution composition,In alkaline waters,for example,Solution complexation of the REEs with carbonate ions appears to control their aqueous distributions whereas in acid waters,the REE signature of the labile fraction of the REEs is readily leached from the rocks.In circumneutral pH waters,both processes appear to be important and their relative significance has not yet been determined.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜煤田高岭土的物质组成及质量特征

东胜煤田延安组含煤岩系砂岩型高岭土矿石属杂砂岩，基质含量高，矿物组成简单，石英和高岭石分别构成砂岩的碎屑和基质，其它组分含量低碎屑与粘土在粒度和物性上的差异，使两者易于分离。精选漂白的高岭土纯工高，细料组分个体户量和自然白度均较高，是一种优良高岭土。分选出的石英等尾砂ＳｉＯ２含量大于９０％，可综合利用。     

华北地台主要花岗岩-绿岩带含金丰度值的研究

近十余年来，在华北地台太古宙花岗岩－绿岩带金矿的研究中，获取了许多有关地层、岩石金丰度值的资料。早期获取的资料因化验分析方法灵敏度不高且样品中常常包含矿化、蚀变和构造破碎的岩石等原因而使其金丰度值偏高。最新的数据采用了高灵敏度化验分析方法且剔除了矿化、蚀变和破碎的岩石样品，计算出的金丰度值均明显低于或接近于地壳金丰度值。结合其它研究成果，提出绿岩带有关金矿矿源是多源的（变质的、岩浆的），甚至是深源的（下地壳或上地幔）认识。     

临沧超大型锗矿床有机质与锗矿化的地球化学特征

临沧锗矿床是一产于第三系含煤岩系中的超大型矿床。矿床的最初锗源与盆地西缘的二云母花岗岩有关。主矿体产于下煤组沉积旋回的早期地层中，每一沉积阶段早期形成的褐煤和碳质泥岩中富含锗，最高含量达１４７０×１０＾－６。褐煤和碳质泥岩在矿化过程中平均富集了１６４－１６９倍。根据锗含量，褐煤和碳质泥岩可分为锗含量小于１２×１０＾－６的低锗煤（泥岩）和大于９０×１０＾－６的高锗煤（泥岩）。高锗煤中有机质富含氧官能     

中国东部上地壳化学组成

在中国东部(东经105°以东)约计330万km~2系统采集了28253个岩石样品,组合成2718件分析样,选用了15种可靠的分析方法,以国家一级标准物质监控分析质量,提出了76种化学元素在中国东部出露地壳、沉积盖层、出露基底和上地壳的平均化学组成.     

民和盆地中侏罗统煤-油页岩层系生油特征

本文简要论述了民和盆地中侏罗统含煤及油页岩层系的生油特征，探讨了盆地独特的石油地质和地球化学条件。原油主要地化特征为:Ｐｒ/Ｐｈ比值偏高（２.６５-３.１５）、甾烷/藿烷比值极低（０.０３）、Ｃ_２７甾烷较丰富、Ｔｓ/Ｔｍ＞１低硫芴/氧芴比值、较高含量的Ｃ_２９降新藿烷及重排藿烷类化合物及相对丰富的长链联苯及烷基四氢萘系列化合物。中侏罗统煤－泥页岩层系含生油潜力明显不同的多类型油页岩，多数油页岩属由藻类和陆生高等植物母质组成的混合型有机质，沉积环境为淡水－微咸水弱氧化条件，其地化特征也表现为高Ｐｒ/Ｐｈ比值（平均为１。９８），低甾烷/藿烷及低硫芴/氧芴比值等特征。某些油页岩富含Ｃ_２９降新藿烷及重排藿烷系列化合物，它们应为主力源岩。油页岩多含再沉积型或沉积改造型有机质。异常地热作用对源岩演化及原油地化特征有重要影响。     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床中的稀土元素

东风山含铁建造金矿床中稀土元素含量普遍较低。东风山群是含矿层,其不同层位岩石和矿物的稀土含量有所差别。大理岩和含铁层中铁闪石的稀土含量最低,甚至低于稀土地壳丰度;上部角岩、下部角岩和石榴子石中稀土含量近似其他壳丰度;而板岩和花岗岩中稀土含量远高于其他壳丰度。稀土元素分布的特点反映了东风山金矿床形成于一个半封闭和较还原的海盆地,金矿化是在弱碱性条件下产生。黄铁矿中出现独居石类矿物,这可能与陆壳重熔改造形成花岗岩时产生的局部富轻稀土热液沿黄铁矿裂隙渗入有关。     

金矿脉分形特征及找矿意义研究

各种类型的金矿脉常呈不规则的几何形状产出,对它们用欧几里德方法进行描述和分析,不仅难以精确地说明其几何形态特征,有时甚至无法作出实际测量,因此也就很难掌握其产状变化的准确趋势,给金矿床的定量定位预测造成了困难.分形理论为获得有关隐伏矿床(脉)分布的更为准确的信息提供了有利工具.通过对招远灵山和河东两个典型金矿床矿脉分维数、几何丰度和有效紧密度等研究,讨论了分形理论在紧密结合地质特征条件下,客观准确揭示不规则矿脉变化规律及在找矿预测等方面的应用前景.     

塔里木盆地下寒武统底部富有机质层段地球化学特征及成因探讨

塔里木盆地下寒武统底部玉尔吐斯组富有机质沉积层段分布广泛, 层位稳定, 其中的硅质岩发育, 并伴有磷矿产出. 硅质岩的Al/(Al + Fe + Mn)和Si/(Si + Al + Fe)比值分别在0.0023 ~ 0.0046和0.965 ~ 0.98之间, 表明其形成于海底热水沉积环境, 且远离陆源区. 富有机质沉积层段明显富集As, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, P, V, Ba等微量元素, Ba/Sr比值分布在21.2 ~ 158.1之间, 与现代海底热水沉积物中的Ba/Sr比值相似, 具有明显的海底热水沉积特征; 硅质岩的稀土元素总量SREE从8.81 ~ 56.682 mg/g, 平均值为31.414 mg/g, 介于大陆边缘硅质岩与深海硅质岩稀土总量之间; 硅质岩的LREE/HREE比值为1.01 ~ 3.56, 显示出海底热水沉积的特征. 该组中有机质丰度(TOC)与表征海底热水活动的地球化学参数Ba/Sr值等具有正相关趋势, 这表明海底热水活动对有机质的富集有明显的影响.     

Isotopic Characteristics and Key Factors Favoring the Formation of Fuwan Super-large Silver Deposit in Guangdong Province

Rb-Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is 68 - 6 Ma, the silver deposit is characterized by high μ values (10.67 - 10.95 ), which are much higher than those of the ore-hosted Paleozoic strata and are close to those of ores hosted in the Proterozoic metamorphic basement in western Guangdong Province. Based on the Pb isotopic characteristics, coupled with much high background silver contents (200-1000ng/g) in the Proterozoic basement and relatively low silver contents in the Paleozoic strata in the region of the Sanshui Basin, it is concluded that the ore-forming material of the super-large silver deposit came mainly from the old basement. The super-large silver deposit related genetically to the intense volcanic activities during the Upper Cretaceous to Eogene. The formation of the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is controlled by the following favorable geological conditions : ( 1 ) The intersection of deep faults and contemporaneous faults at the margin of the Sanshui Basin led to the formation of an excellent structure as passageway for ore fluids; (2) The special ore-hosted rock association forms a ore gathering-trap structure that favors the precipitation of ore; (3) The silver-rich old basement, multi-stage mineralization and multi-episode volcanic activities which constitute a geothermal convection system.