大民屯凹陷烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复

烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复具有重要的现实和理论意义。笔者在对比多种方法的基础上,对大民屯凹陷的烃源岩的有机质丰度进行了恢复。     

中秦岭金龙山金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

金龙山金矿区主要矿源层和容矿层为上泥盆统南羊山组,其上覆盖层下石炭统袁家沟组是次要的含矿层位.矿区弧形构造发育,古楼山、丘岭、腰俭、金龙山等四个短轴背斜分别位于弧形构造的不同部位中.金矿化体主要分布于南羊山组板岩和薄层灰岩层间、南羊山组板岩与袁家沟组灰岩接触带及斜切南羊山组的断裂中,尤其是NE向断裂是主要的含矿断裂.控矿空间相互之间相通,各种类型的矿化体之间有成因联系,形成了"三位一体"成矿模式;盖层中可形成锑金矿化体,其特征是"上(盘、部)有锑矿下(盘、部)有金矿";金龙山矿区由盖层和矿源层共同含矿构成了"二层楼"成矿模式.笔者得出,在金龙山矿区深部具有很大的找金潜力,在其东部锑矿下部有望找到金矿化体,在金鸡岭向斜南翼的公馆-马家沟汞锑矿带内有进一步找金的必要.     

灵宝钼矿成矿地质特征探讨

重点论述了灵宝钼矿资源的主要分布范围、地层构造、成矿类型、地质条件及成矿地质背景;境内已发现了南、北两个区域成矿带,有斑岩和脉岩型两种矿化类型,发现了6处钼矿点及与其伴生的多金属矿床;矿石类型以浸染状为主,品位变化较大,矿体主要受岩株或岩脉所控制.对目前灵宝钼矿资源开发现状进行了初步探讨;并对今后钼矿资源的综合勘查和开发方向提出了建议,证明了在灵宝地区具有进一步寻找钼矿资源的较好前景.     

云南东川因民铜矿金矿化特征及成因初探

因民铜矿发育两种金矿化类型:一是铜矿的伴生金;二是热液构造蚀变岩型。化探样品分析结果显示,金矿化主要赋存于金箔箐断层上、下盘的角砾状蚀变岩内,空间上受岩性和断裂构造的双重控制。邻区拖布卡金矿的成矿地质背景与本区相似,在成矿地质年代上作以类比推测,认为喜马拉雅期是主成矿期。另外通过对光片镜下和化探原生晕样聚类分析研究,发现构造蚀变岩型金矿化具明显的多期多阶段性及热液特征。     

有机地球化学发展与油气勘探的不解之缘——访王铁冠院士

<正>采访时间:2007年8月31日采访地点:中国石油大学(北京)王铁冠院士办公室编:王院士,您好!首先,非常感谢您接受《海相油气地质》期刊的采访。     

Gold Solubility in SiO2—HCl—H2O System at 200℃：a Preliminary Assessment of the Implications of Silicification with Regard to Gold Mineralization

The complexation between gold and silica was experimentally, confirmed and calibrated at 200 °C: $$\begin{gathered} Au^ + + H_3 SiO_4^ - \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 \hfill \\ \log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 19.26 \pm 0.4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Thermodynamic calculations show that AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be far more abundant than AuCl ₂ ^? under physicochemical conditions of geological interest, suggesting that silica is much more important than chloride as ligands for gold transport. In systems containing both sulfur and silica, AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be increasingly more important than Au (HS) ₂ ^? as the proportion of SiO₂ in the system increases. The dissolution of gold in aqueous SiO₂ solutions can be described by the reaction: $$\begin{gathered} Au + 1/4O_2 + H_4 SiO_4^0 \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 + 1/2H_2 O \hfill \\ log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 6.23 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which indicates that SiO₂ precipitation is an effective mechanism governing gold deposition, and thus explains the close association of silicification and gold mineralization.     

碳中和目标下关键矿产在清洁能源转型中的作用、供需分析及其建议

在"碳中和"目标的驱动下，全球能源系统向清洁化、低碳化甚至无碳化发展已是大势所趋。针对向清洁能源转型的需求，采用了统计对比、分类汇总、综合分析等方法，分析研究了关键矿产在电池、电网、低碳发电和氢能等行业中的作用和需求。结合当前关键矿产产量的地理集中度高、项目开发周期长、资源质量下降等矿产供应和投资计划不能满足清洁能源转型的需求等问题，提出确保关键矿产多样性供应，推动价值链各环节的技术创新，扩大回收利用，增强供应链弹性和市场透明度，将更高的环境、社会和治理标准纳入主流程及加强生产者和消费者之间的国际合作等建议。     

山东省玲珑金矿田深部资源第二富集带的研究和预测

开展构造变形岩相形迹地质方法填图，确立矿田NEE、NE和NNE三组方向的构造蚀变矿化带的成矿和控矿的构造分布模型，用构造校正方法 测算玲珑－焦家式金矿典型矿田的成矿深度。玲珑金矿田四期成矿的深度分别约为3 454.97 m（213 Ma），1 914.42 m（100.28 Ma），1 090.97 m（80.67 Ma）和720.55 m（71.86 Ma）。在地物化资料基础上开展综合预测，预测了3组方向构造蚀变矿化带深部第二富集带的赋存深度、富集金矿的概量。胶东金矿深部存在第二富集带已被地勘部门和矿山近10年的深部地质勘查工程所证实。胶东金矿深部第二富集带揭露数百吨新增储量的事实还表明，中国东部燕山期构造岩浆作用有关的金属矿，主要和燕山期基底逐渐上隆及反钟向区域压剪的大地构造环境有关，其大型矿山深部发育深部第二资源富集带的现象可能是普遍的。     

Associations and mobility of uranium in soils near a depleted uranium （DU） weapons testing site, SW Scotland

Natural uranium has three isotopes, ^238U, ^235U and ^234U, with natural abundances of 99.27 atom %, 0.72% and 0.0055%, respectively. Only ^235U is fissile and the production of nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons involves enrichment of uranium in ^235U. This process also results in separation of ^234U from ^238U, leaving depleted uranium （DU）, with typical ^234U/^238U and ^235U/^238U activity ratios of about 0.19 and 0.013, respectively, as a waste product. The high density, high melting and boiling points and chemical stability of uranium and the availability of DU in relatively pure form mean that DU has many uses, including armour-piercing munitions. Such munitions have been developed in the UK since the 1960s and testing has been carried out by the Ministry of Defence （MoD） at firing ranges such as Dundrennan, SW Scotland and Eskmeals, NW England. The firing of DU munitions can result in the dispersion of DU and its combustion products （oxides） as aerosols or as larger fragments, with the potential for human exposure either directly at the site of detonation or via post-depositional migration in the environment. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential environmental mobility of DU by characterizing the associations of U in soil porewaters with increasing distance from a firing site. To this end, several soil cores located down-wind of the firing site at Dundrennan, near Kirkcudbright, SW Scotland, were collected in May 2006. These were sectioned on-site into 1- or 2-cm depth intervals and porewaters were isolated by centfifugation （10 minutes; 8873 g） on return to the laboratory. Following filtration through 0.2-micron cellulose nitrate filters, the porewaters were analyzed by ICP-QMS （U concentration） and ICP-OES （Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn concentrations）. Sub-samples were also subjected to centrifugal ultrafiltration （100, 30, and 3 kD） and to gel electrophoretic fractionation （agarose; 0.045 M Tris-borate; 20 mA, 30 minutes）. Results showed that U was present at up to 4 μg/L in the soil porewater and that the associations of U varied with sample location and soil depth.     

Possibility of degradation of phenylarsonic acid in the presence of ferrihydrite

Although inorganic species are predominant in natural systems, but there are many kinds of organoarsenic species such as methylated and phenylated arsenic compounds. Phenylarsonic acid （PA） is a degradation product of organoarsenics used for chemical warfare agents, which has been detected in well water at the disposal site of the agents in Japan. There are few reports studying behavior of PA in soil. In this study, PA was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite and its chemical forms were determined using high performance liquid chromatography connected to inductivity-coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS）. 100 mg/kg of PA was mixed with 0.03 g of 2-line ferrihydrite. For each suspension, pH was adjusted by HNO3 or NaOH. Each sample was incubated for more than 19 hours and the final pH was measured. After filtration, the chemical form of arsenic in the filtrate was measured using HPLC-ICP-MS. In addition, ferrihydrite separated by filtration was dissolved by 3 ml of 0.5 M HCI and the arsenic species in the solution was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS （column： Tosoh TSKgel SuperlC-AP, eluent： 0.01 M HNO3）. It was verified that PA is not degraded by heating in 0.5 M HCl solution. At pH 3.1, any arsenic compounds were not detected from the solution, because almost all arsenic species were adsorbed onto ferrihydrite at lower pH. At pH= 12, however, 7%-10% of inorganic arsenic was detected in the solution. In solid phase, there are some problems to determine the precise ratio of inorganic and organic species. When the solution includes Fe ion at 0.01 M level, the retention time of arsenic species drifted compared to those in standard solution, which makes it difficult to determine precisely the arsenic species adsorbed on ferrihydrite. Therefore, more study is needed to determine the ratio of inorganic and organic species in the system.