天地精华 璀璨夺目——纵览石家庄经济学院地球科学博物馆宝石厅

随着石家庄经济学院地球科学博物馆的对外开放,越来越多的参观者慕名前来参观,对博物馆丰富的内涵留下了深刻的印象。其中宝石厅更是熠熠生辉,璀璨夺目。该宝石厅主要介绍珠宝玉石知识,分区展示了常见宝石、常见玉石、有机宝石、稀少宝石、具特殊光学效应的宝石、水晶类宝石、人工宝石以及世界百枚名钻的1：1仿制品。此外,厅内还设置有互动效果的触摸屏与虚幻宝石装置。     

宇宙信息

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Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

ICP--XSP测定珍珠中的稀土元素

珍珠的组成包括有机成分和无机成分。无机成分是珍珠的的主要成分,其主体是碳酸钙,含有Na、K、Mg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ba、Pb、Fe等十多种微量元素,同时还含有及其微量的稀土元素。珍珠因具有装饰、美容、药用及保健功能而备受人们的厚爱。珍珠因化学成分上的差异导致了其价值。及应用上的差别。目前已经倾向于把珍珠作为矿物材料及药材进行结构组成的研究,     

有机组分二次离子质谱特征及其裂解机理

二次离子质谱(SIMS)技术近年来被广泛用于分析煤和油气烃源岩有机组分化学成分和结构特征.在介绍SIMS质谱图解析方法的基础上,分析了有机组分二次离子组成特征;在综合研究有机组分SIMS质谱图特征的基础上,应用化学动力学原理对有机组分SIMS质谱裂解机理进行了探讨.结果表明:有机组分以芳香核为基本结构单元,且含有杂环并带有多种含氧基团和支链;有机组分SIMS质谱裂解由其复杂大分子结构中烷基苯不同化学键的解离能大小决定的;有机质结构中α碳和β碳之间的α—p键和支链碳的C—C键解离能最弱,有机化学结构中的α-β键和支链碳的C—C键容易断裂;与苯环相连支链中,(C6 H5) CH2—C2H5结构中的α-β键和支链碳的C—C键容易断裂而形成(C6H5)CH2-(91)、C2H5-(29)和CH3-(15)等碎片离子,这也是有机组分SIMS质谱图中最主要的碎片离子峰.     

Organic carbon deposition flux on the North Chukchi Sea shelf based on 210pb radioactivity dating

Deposition of organic carbon forms the final net effect of the ocean carbon sink at a certain time scale. Organic carbon deposition on the Arctic shelves plays a particularly important role in the global carbon cycle because of the broad shelf area and rich nutrient concentration. To determine the organic carbon deposition flux at the northern margin of the Chukchi Sea shelf, the 210pb dating method was used to analyze the age and deposition rate of sediment samples from station R17 of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that the deposition rate was 0.6 mm＇aI, the apparent deposition mass flux was 0.72 kg.m2a1, and the organic carbon deposition flux was 517 mmol C.m2.al. It was estimated that at least 16% of the export organic carbon flux out of the euphoric zone was transferred and chronically buried into the sediment, a value which was much higher than the average ratio （-10%） for low- to mid-latitude regions, indicating a highly effective carbon sink at the northern mar- gin of the Chukchi Sea shelf. With the decrease of sea ice coverage caused by warming in the Arctic Ocean, it could be inferred that the Arctic shelves will play an increasingly important role in the global carbon cycle.     

泥质烃源岩密度分级分离与有机碳分配

选取东营凹陷第三系11 块泥质烃源岩样品,粉碎后按小于1.6 g/cm3,1.6~2.2 g/cm3 和大于2.2 g/cm3 的密度,分离成1,2,3 三个组分,希望可以把烃源岩中游离的有机质、无机矿物与有机黏土复合体分别提取出来。对各组分进行质量、有机碳及扫描电镜分析,探讨不同密度组分中有机质赋存形式及有机碳分配方式的差异性。密度分组后各组分的质量、有机碳量回收率基本上达到100%,表明密度分离方法可信,且对烃源岩的破坏较弱。通过扫描电镜观察发现,1 组分中存在大量的生物碎屑有机质,经盐酸处理后,有机质颗粒表面干净,而2,3 组分中只见有大量的矿物颗粒,但能谱分析显示了C 元素的存在。这些特征表明1 组分为生物碎屑有机质,而2,3 组分中有机质与无机矿物相混合。有机碳分析表明,1 组分有机碳含量平均高达14.24％,但其仅占全岩有机碳量的1.11%;2,3 组分中有机碳含量分别为3.26%,2.77%,两者占全岩有机碳量的90% 以上。由此看来与无机矿物相结合是烃源岩中有机质较为重要的赋存方式,这部分有机质对全岩生烃量的贡献不容忽视。     

石油成因新概念新理论

有机地球化学学科在我国由引进至发展已有廿多年历史。实践证明这一新兴的地球化学学科对于发展我国陆相生油理论、促进我国油气资源的勘探开发已发挥出重要作用。我国有机地球化学工作者在开展国家五十四项油气重大攻关课题的研究中揭示了许多石油成因新概念、新理论,如未成熟原油和低成熟原油的不断发现,煤成油的研究等,不但为扩大我国油气资源的勘探远景评价作出了贡献,同时进一步丰富着我国陆相石油成因新理论,如浅层生油层有机质生油、干酪根热解聚生油,生物聚合物直接成油,非烃、沥青质成油等值得进一步深入研     

新疆210金矿金的赋存状态研究

从工业利用的角度出发,对２１０金矿矿石性质及金的赋存状态进行了研究,得出影响金回收率的两个主要因素是有机碳和包裹金的存在。     

莱州湾沉积有机碳储量及海洋健康评估

海洋沉积碳储量在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,而海湾作为海洋的重要组成部分,近几十年来由于受人类活动影响有机碳循环发生了明显变化,对碳储备能力的响应同样不可忽视,但却鲜有报道。研究区域位于莱州湾(37°~38°N,118.9°~120.3°E),是渤海三大海湾之一。利用39个表层沉积物和其6根沉积箱式柱状样(站位为6154、6174、6184、6194、7211和7214,柱长在17~39cm之间)对海湾有机碳储量进行评估。同时,通过计算海洋健康指数(OHI)十个目标之一的碳储(carbon storage)来评估海洋健康状况。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物1cm的有机碳储量平均为0.3t/ha,在研究区域的中部、东部和北部偏高,莱州湾东南部、区域西北部以及黄河口处有机碳储量偏低。莱州湾0~20cm有机碳储量为20.6t/ha,低于我国表层土壤0~20cm有机碳储量29.7t/ha以及浙江、云南、海南和重庆等省市。莱州湾碳储(carbon storage)得分为37,远低于中国平均值51以及世界平均水平75。