页岩气储量评价方法

随着油气资源需求的不断增长,作为非常规油气资源的页岩气将是未来天然气的重要组成部分.介绍了页岩气的总体地质特征、成藏机理和开发特征,描述了页岩气储量的评价方法.根据区域地质评价结果,盆地中心区或构造斜坡区一般为页岩气的有利富集区.具有开发价值的页岩气藏,页岩厚度应达到一定规模,一般应大于15 m,且区域上要连续稳定分布...     

红树林海岸的沉积物输运和碳沉降特征

Mangroves play an important role in sequestering carbon and trapping sediments. However, the effectiveness of such functions is unclear due to the restriction of knowledge on the sedimentation process across the vegetation boundaries. To detect the effects of mangrove forests on sediment transportation and organic carbon sequestration, the granulometric and organic carbon characteristics of mangrove sediments were investigated from three vegetation zones of four typical mangrove habitats on the Leizhou Peninsula coast. Based on our results, sediment transport was often "environmentally sensitive" to the vegetation friction. A transition of the sediment transport mode from the mudflat zone to the interior/fringe zone was often detected from the cumulative frequency curve. The vegetation cover also assists the trapping of material, resulting in a significantly higher concentration of organic carbon in the interior surface sediments. However, the graphic parameters of core sediments reflected a highly temporal variability due to the sedimentation process at different locations. The sediment texture ranges widely from sand to mud, although the sedimentary environments are restricted within the same energy level along the fluvial-marine transition zone. Based on the PCA results, the large variation was mainly attributed to either the mean grain size features or the organic carbon features. A high correlation between the depth and δ13C value also indicated an increasing storage of mangrove-derived organic carbon with time.     

獐子岛岩相潮间带大型海藻有机碳含量及δ13C值的季节变化特征

为研究岩相潮间带大型海藻有机碳含量及δ~(13)C值的季节变化特征,分别于2016年11月(秋)和2017年2月(冬)、5月(春)、8月(夏)对獐子岛岩相潮间带(39°01′E,122°43′N)的大型海藻进行调查,并对其有机碳含量和δ~(13)C值进行分析。结果表明:共鉴定出大型海藻3门49种,其中红藻门24种,占总数的48.98%;褐藻门17种,占总数的34.69%;绿藻门8种,占总数的16.33%。大型海藻种类数为春季(35种)冬季(24种)=夏季(24种)秋季(23种)。不同种类海藻体内的有机碳含量为15.54%～35.03%,δ~(13)C值在–33.42‰～–7.43‰之间变动。不同季节海藻体内有机碳含量为冬季春季夏季秋季,δ~(13)C值为夏季春季冬季秋季。     

巴伦支海悬浮物中的铁锰矿物

铁和锰以各种形式存在于海洋悬浮物中 :作为陆源矿物和生物残余组分 ,以被吸附形式存在于有机物质、粘土矿物、浮游生物碳酸盐介壳微粒上 ,并且以陆源和自生成因的独立氧化物、氢氧化物形式存在。众所周知 ,已经发现作为被沉积圈闭捕捉的“海洋雪”集合体组分的菌类细胞壁上的锰氧化物、氢氧化物薄膜。但是关于悬浮物中自生铁锰氧化物、氢氧化物的矿物相暂时还知之甚少 ,而北极海悬浮物在这方面一般来说还没研究过。在本文中为填补这一空白我们首次作一尝试。１研究材料和方法在本文中介绍了两个区域悬浮物样品矿物和地球化学研究成果 :巴伦…     

福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素

基于福建龙岩地区多目标区域地球化学调查所获得大量高精度和高密度有机碳数据,通过单位土壤碳储量计算方法,分别采用母质类型、地貌类型、生态系统、土地利用类型及土壤类型5种方式,按照0~1.4m,0~1.0m和0~0.2m等3种不同深度来初步探讨福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素。结果表明,不同类型土壤区的有机碳储量分布存在不均匀性,平均碳密度均存在较大差异,这可能不仅与成土母质、土壤理化性状(如土壤结构、质地、化学成分、土温等)、系统差异(如历史演变、稳定性等)等内在因素有关,还有可能与气候环境条件、海拔高度、水土流失程度、土壤微生物活动强度、植被状况(如植被类型、植被发育等)以及人类活动影响等外在因素有关。得出福建龙岩地区不同深度的有机碳储量: 0~0.2m为89254953.05t, 0~1.0m为283746254.26t和 0~1.4m为347294329.32t; 不同深度的平均碳密度: 0~0.2m为3980.33 t/km 2, 0~1.0m为12653.69 t/km 2和0~1.4m为15487.62 t/km 2,高于全国典型地区平均水平,显示出福建龙岩地区具较高的碳储量、较强的碳储能力和良好的碳富集环境。     

江山市耕地施完“整容术”又吃“滋补品”

单季晚稻插秧在即，江山市国土资源局买来2027．7吨有机复合肥，送给第六期耕地整理项目区所涉及的近万户农户，用于培植地力。近年来，随着江山市生猪规模养殖户不断增加，养殖污染日益严重。     

Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

地质灾害的类型及河南分布情况

地质灾害是自然灾害的一个类型。自然灾害是由大气灾害、生物灾害和地质灾害（可能还应有天体灾害）三大类型相互有机结合而成的一个系统，地质灾害是自然灾害这个复杂大系统中的一个子系统。     

良渚文化玉琮曾是轴承套新石器时代机床玉制传动件(一)

1、乾隆帝和<说文解字>论玉琮 在此前"新石器时代机床玉制刀具(一)-(七)中,我们探讨了多种机床.所有机床都离不开转动,转动轴必需安装在一个支架上.如果简单地在一双木支架上穿孔安轴,那么支架中的孔很快会被磨损变大,于是转动轴会在支架上晃动.这样一来,机床的进一步工作就将变得不可能,为此,必需在支架上安装轴承套.玉器中最象轴承套的是玉琮.     

Organic carbon deposition flux on the North Chukchi Sea shelf based on 210pb radioactivity dating

Deposition of organic carbon forms the final net effect of the ocean carbon sink at a certain time scale. Organic carbon deposition on the Arctic shelves plays a particularly important role in the global carbon cycle because of the broad shelf area and rich nutrient concentration. To determine the organic carbon deposition flux at the northern margin of the Chukchi Sea shelf, the 210pb dating method was used to analyze the age and deposition rate of sediment samples from station R17 of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that the deposition rate was 0.6 mm＇aI, the apparent deposition mass flux was 0.72 kg.m2a1, and the organic carbon deposition flux was 517 mmol C.m2.al. It was estimated that at least 16% of the export organic carbon flux out of the euphoric zone was transferred and chronically buried into the sediment, a value which was much higher than the average ratio （-10%） for low- to mid-latitude regions, indicating a highly effective carbon sink at the northern mar- gin of the Chukchi Sea shelf. With the decrease of sea ice coverage caused by warming in the Arctic Ocean, it could be inferred that the Arctic shelves will play an increasingly important role in the global carbon cycle.