V型排导槽内泥石流流速横向分布探讨

V型排导槽内泥石流流速的横向分布是一个与设计密切相连的非线性分布,直接关系到排导槽横断面各位置泥石流冲击力、磨蚀力等特征参数的定量计算。但目前流速公式多针对矩形槽,规范中没有关于该流速横向分布相应条款,因而导致部分已建V型排导槽因磨蚀或淤积而防治失效。鉴于此,本文试图通过合理假设,推导出泥石流流速横向分布计算公式,并以在建雅(安)泸(沽)高速公路沿线的某沟泥石流防治为工程背景,验证其具有一定的适用性,可供相关研究与设计参考。     

基于单片机和无线数传电台的流速仪信号器的研制

传统水文缆道使用"有线"或"无线"回路进行流速信号传输,但是这两种回路都存在结构复杂、电参数不稳定等固有缺点,所以造成传输不稳定、故障排查困难等问题,严重影响了测流工作的正常进行。本文提出采用单片机作为控制核心,使用无线数传电台建立传输信道来进行流速信号传输,经过实用取得了较好效果。     

柔性沉水植物生长对含沙水流紊动特性的影响

采用装饰塑料树在实验水槽中模拟柔性沉水植物,在一定水力条件下,探讨了柔性沉水植物生长对含沙水流紊动特性和悬移质含量分布规律的影响。实验结果表明,柔性沉水植物带中含沙水流垂向流速分布不符合无植物时的半对数分布形式。柔性沉水植物带中含沙水流纵向、横向和垂向的紊动强度和雷诺应力呈各向异性,且其最大值和最大值的位置随柔性沉水植物高度的增加而增大。植物带中垂向悬移质含量随着柔性沉水植物高度的增加而降低,沿柔性沉水植物带水流方向悬移质含量逐渐降低。     

Cross-shore suspended sediment flux in the salt marsh pioneer zone of Chongming eastern beach in the Changjiang Estuary in China

Between April 2002 and April 2003, in situ measurements of water depth, current velocity and suspended sediment content were carried out in edge region of East Chongming salt marsh and neighboring bald flat in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary under different weather conditions. Cross-shore suspended sediment flux was calculated and analyzed. The results show that under calm weather conditions, the current velocity process in bald field and salt marsh area varied differently during semidiurnal tidal cycles. Owing to current velocity asymmetry, mean SSC during flood tide phase was 1.8 times higher than that of ebb tide phase. As a result, net onshore sediment flux controlled cross-shore suspended sediment transport process and salt marsh pioneer zone was generally accreting. There was significant positive correlation between total sediment flux and quartic power of maximum water depth. It indicates that tidal ranges dominate suspended sediment transport and sedimentation process in the salt marsh pioneer zone under the calm weather condition. The sedimentation rate on the adjacent mudflat was higher than the salt marsh, which induced stable accreting of salt marsh towards the sea. The wind events enhanced SSC and current velocity during the semidiurnal tides. And the remarkable onshore net sediment flux could occur on the high marsh and mudflat close to the marsh fringe during the short period under the rough weather condition.     

白河水文站表面流速代表性研究

白河水文站为汉江上游控制站,测验河段为山区性河道,洪水陡涨陡落、历时短,高洪流量测验难度较大,为推进测站自动化水平,实现流量监测在线化是必经之路.采用规划求解对白河水文站不同垂线组合下的表面流速与断面平均流速关系进行研究,确定了白河水文站不同测点表面流速测验的最优布设方案及对应的断面平均流速计算公式.结果表明:在白河水...     

Γ型地貌瞬时单位线探讨

在地貌瞬时单位线中作者假定沿任一“路径”的等待时间密度函数成Γ型分布。本文讨论了Γ型地貌瞬时单位线的推导、参数确定和特点。并取蛇家口、三川口流域的突测资料验证,计算洪峰值和涨洪历时与实测值十分接近。     

超声Doppler测量血液流速的方法

在讨论血液回声Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ信号特征的基础上,探讨血液流速的探测方法,导出了具有诊断价值的血流参数。     

多跨输液管的稳定性及动力响应

本文研究了在工程中常见的支承在多个弹性支座上的输液管系，用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理和有限元法建立管道系统的运动方程，通过求解带有陀螺矩阵的振动方程组的特征值问题计算了这种管系的临界流速，结果表明，前两阶模态的临界流速相同，且明显高于单跨管的最低临界流速；用威尔逊－θ逐步积分法考察了管系在临界流速附近对扰动的响应，结果表明，当小于临界流速时，响应主要是低频周期振动；反之，则位移随时间按指数增长