新型无机高分子絮凝剂在制革废水中的应用研究

本文介绍了一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂－硅钙复合型聚合氯化铝铁（ＳＣＰＡＦＳ）在制革废水处理中的应用．在本实验条件下（絮凝剂用量０．３５～０．４０ｇ／Ｌ，混凝时间１５—２０分钟，ｐＨ值为６．０—９．０）该产品对废水的浊度去除率为９５．５％，ＳＳ去除率为９５％，ＣＯＤ去除率为９０％，对Ｃｒ（３＋）的去除率为８５％左右．各项性能都优于同样条伴下ＰＡＣ２倍以上．同时该絮凝剂还可用于生活饮水，生产用水及其它污水的处理，效果明显。     

磷矿磷肥及土壤中活性磷的准确测定

研究了CaHPO_4、Ca(H_2PO_4)_2、MgHPO_4、(NH_4)_2HPO_4、K_2HPO_4、KH_2PO_4、磷灰石、鸟粪石、磷铝石及红磷铁矿在乙酸-乙酸钠体系中的溶解行为,建立了测定活性磷的条件。样品中的活性磷用乙酸-乙酸钠混合溶液溶解,用光度法或滴定法进行测定。二十多种共存矿物在一定范围内不干扰测定。此新方法应用于磷矿、磷肥和土壤中活性磷的测定,获得满意的效果。     

鄂东北前震旦纪沉积变质磷灰岩矿床地质构造特征

本区前震旦纪沉积变质磷灰岩矿床，呈层状，似层状及透镜状，产于中元古界红安群黄麦岭组下段和上段含磷岩系中。下部含磷岩系分布于大磊山周围，有磷灰岩１－３层，平均厚２－１８ｍ；上部含磷岩系发育在左家湾－双峰尖一带，产磷灰岩１－２层，厚１．５－１３ｍ。本区沉积变质磷灰岩可分为浅粒磷灰岩、变粒磷灰岩、锰质磷灰岩及碳酸质磷灰岩等四种类型，其Ｐ２Ｏ５含量一般为４．６－２６．１％之间。黄麦岭组属于海湾－浅海机沉积     

Combining hydropyrolysis and compound specific stable isotope measurements to identify sources of biodegrade PAHs in soils and sediments

Compound-specific ^13C/^12C isotope ratio measurements have successfully been demonstrated as a valuable technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） source apportionment in a number of studies. However, under certain circumstances, where the PAils matrix has been subjected to heavy biodegradation/phytoremediation, and the isotopic signatures for PAHs are overlapping for some sources, further constraints are needed for unambiguous source apportionment. It has been shown that asphaltenes retain useful molecular and isotopic information of biogeochemical significance for oil-source rock correlation （1-3）, which can be accessed via hydropyrolysis. Given that stable isotopic ratios of PAHs are not significantly affected by biodegradation and that hydropyrolysis of asphaltenes can generate representative molecular profiles expected for non-biodegraded oils, this has enabled an analytical methodology combining hydropyrolysis and compound-specific stable isotope measurements to be developed for source apportioning hydrocarbons in biodegraded environmental samples. In this study, the PAHs released from hydropyrolysis of asphaltenes from a variety of primary sources （e.g. crude oils, low and high temperature coal tars, and river sediments） were characterized in regard to their molecular distributions and ^13C/^12C isotope ratios. Application to samples previously examined from an area close to a former carbonization plant is described where unambiguous source apportionment could not be achieved previously for the PAHs due to likely environmental alternation （3）. For both low and high temperature coal tar, the molecular profiles for bound aromatics are broadly similar to their free aromatic counterparts. The stable carbon isotope ratios for the major PAH components present in bound aromatics （-23‰） are significantly more enriched in ^13C than the free aromatics （-26‰）,     

珠江口沉积铁-磷的富集对赤潮频发的潜在作用

在模拟实验观测赤潮藻对铁、磷吸收的基础上, 通过系统分析珠江口沉积柱样中铁-磷的积累和表层沉积物中铁、磷的释放实验, 讨论了珠江口赤潮频繁发生的原因. 研究结果表明, 藻类生长时铁缺乏, 会导致生长速度减慢, 细胞数量的峰值降低, 藻细胞中铁与磷之间存在显著的相关性, 摩尔比P:Fe = 356:1, 表明了铁和磷对赤潮藻生长的协同限制作用; 珠江口沉积物中总铁和总磷之间存在正相关关系, 无机沉积磷主要以铁-磷(Fe-P)结合的形态存在, 经过不同时间的连续振动淋溶, 表层沉积物中34.26%~80.21%的可交换态磷和4.04%~22.52%的可交换态铁被释放, 意味差珠江口沉积铁-磷的富集, 可以随时为藻类的暴发性增殖同时提供丰富的营养物质和必需的铁元素, 这可能是导致珠江口赤潮发生频率高于其他海区的关键因素.     

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩石中的铍矿化作用：铍磷酸盐矿物组合

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩是著名的稀有金属花岗岩,P2O5含量较高（平均0.56%）.该花岗岩全岩Be含量一般超过100×10^-6,最高可达720×10^-6,属于铍矿化花岗岩.本文利用电子探针技术对宜春铍矿化花岗岩中的铍磷酸盐及其共生矿物进行了系统研究.研究发现羟磷铍钙石是该花岗岩中的最重要铍矿物（BeO=15%～16%）,偶尔亦可见磷钠铍石,它们主要呈晶间副矿物出现在岩体的中部.与铍矿物共生的矿物仍主要为磷酸盐矿物,如氟磷灰石、磷铝锂石、磷铝钠石,表明铍矿化作用与熔体中磷的聚集作用有显著关系.研究认为,宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中铍以磷酸盐矿物形式结晶,而不是硅酸盐矿物,其主要原因可能为该花岗岩的结晶晚期磷的活度远远高于硅的活度,因此,P优先作为成网离子与铍结合形成铍磷酸盐矿物.     

Variations and net transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the South Passage of the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

Dissolved inorganic nutrient elements were analyzed from the samples collected in the South Passage of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary in March 2003, including NH4 , NO3-, NO2- and PO43-. The water samples were collected with a Niskin sampler hourly at the near-surface, middle and near-bottom depths at the three stations -A1, A2 and A3-during two complete tidal cycles of neap tide and spring tide. Results showed that 1) the concentrations of NH4 , NO3- and NO2- were a little higher respectively during the neap tide than those during the spring tide, while PO43- showed an opposite trend, and each was higher in the ebb tide than in the flood tide, either for the neap tidal cycle or the spring tidal cycle; 2) higher stratification of the nutrients existed obviously in this area, with the concentrations of which increased from the bottom to the surface, especially for NH4 and NO3-; 3) the coefficient of variation (C.V.) values of all dissolved inorganic nutrients varied from 4.06% to 36.8% beyond different influences of the tidal current and Changjiang runoff; 4) with increasing suspended matter in the water column, the concentrations of PO43- became lower in the filtered water; and 5) the total transport of each tidal cycle was much more in the spring tide than in the neap tide, and the positive values indicated that the nutrients had been exported to the East China Sea. Studies on the variations and net transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the South Passage of the Changjiang Estuary will provide the scientific basis for the study of the mechanism of red tide in the East China Sea.     

浮游绿藻对沉水植物苦草生长的抑制作用

浮游植物大量生长引起的遮光通常被认为是导致富营养湖泊中沉水植物的衰退的主要原因,但是藻类对沉水植物的竞争抑制作用还包括化感作用和无机碳竞争等重要方面,它们可能产生很大影响.为了验证这一观点,本文测定了除遮光以外浮游植物对沉水植物的抑制作用.在相似遮光下(10%-33%),对比研究了不同遮光方式(黑塑料网的物理遮光/浮游绿藻的生物遮光)对苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长和光合作用的影响.结果表明在遮阳网作用下苦草的生长指标(叶数、叶长、叶片叶绿素含量和生物量)和净光合速率都显著高于浮游绿藻作用下苦草,且后一种处理下苦草叶片上端有腐烂现象.由此可见,浮游绿藻对沉水植物生长除了通过遮光抑制生长外,还有较遮光更加严重的抑制作用.这可能是由于浮游绿藻通过化感作用和对可利用光合有效辐射光能和溶解无机碳的竞争优势抑制了苦草的光合作用.