贡嘎山海螺沟典型植被带总磷分布特征

由于独特的生物地球化学循环方式,磷已成为影响山地生态系统发育和安全的重要元素。为了了解贡嘎山磷的生物地球化学循环,对贡嘎山海螺沟坡地典型植被带土壤、植物根际土壤、植物不同部位总磷在生长季(9月)和非生长季或生长季初期(5月)的分布特征进行调查。结果表明:土壤总磷的分布在垂直梯度上的差异以及同一土壤剖面不同土壤层总磷的差异均较明显,同时还呈现明显的季节性差异,这些差异的形成与土壤发育程度、温度变化及植物生长有关;不同根际土壤在非生长季或生长季初期总磷的差异非常大,而在生长季较为接近,进一步说明植物对山地磷的生物地球化学循环存在较大影响;杜鹃、冬瓜杨、柳的叶较幼枝更富集磷,而峨眉冷杉、麦吊杉、竹的幼枝较叶所含磷略高。     

Examination of Silicate Limitation of Primary Production in Jiaozhou Bay,North China：Ⅲ.Judgment Method ,Rules and Uniqueness of Nutrient Limitation Among N,P,and Si

Analysis and comparison of Jiaozhou Bay data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 (12 seasonal investigations) provided by the Ecological Station of Jiaozhou Bay revealed the characteristic spatiotemporal variation of the ambient concentration Si∶DIN and Si∶16P ratios and the seasonal variation of Jiaozhou Bay Si∶DIN and Si∶16P ratios showing that the Si∶DIN ratios were <1 throughout the year in Jiaozhou Bay; and that the Si∶16P ratios were <1 throughout Jiaozhou Bay in spring, autumn and winter. The results proved that silicate limited phytoplankton growth in spring, autumn and winter in Jiaozhou Bay. Analysis of the Si∶DIN and Si∶P ratios showed that the nutrient Si has been limiting the growth of phytoplankton throughout the year in some Jiaozhou Bay waters; and that the silicate deficiency changed the phytoplankton assemblage structure. Analysis of discontinuous 1962 to 1998 nutrient data showed that there was no N or P limitation of phytoplankton growth in that period. The authors consider that the annual cyclic change of silicate limits phytoplankton growth in spring, autumn and winter every year in Jiaozhou Bay; and that in many Jiaozhou Bay waters where the phytoplankton as the predominant species need a great amount of silicate, analysis of the nutrients N or P limitation of phytoplankton growth relying only on the N and P nutrients and DIN∶P ratio could yield inaccurate conclusions. The results obtained by applying the rules of absolute and relative limitation fully support this view. The authors consider that the main function of nutrient silicon is to regulate and control the mechanism of the phytoplankton growth process in the ecological system in estuaries, bays and the sea. The authors consider that according to the evolution theory of Darwin, continuous environmental pressure gradually changes the phytoplankton assemblage's structure and the physiology of diatoms. Diatoms requiring a great deal of silicon either constantly decrease or reduce their requirement for silicon. This will cause a series of huge changes in the ecosystem so that the whole ecosystem requires continuous renewal, change and balancing. Human beings have to reduce marine pollution and enhance the capacity of continental sources to transport silicon to sustain the continuity and stability in the marine ecosystem. This study was funded by the NSFC (No. 40036010) and subsidized by Special Funds from the National Key Basic Research Program of P. R. China (G199990437), the Postdoctoral Foundation of Ocean University of Qingdao, the Director's Foundation of the Beihai Monitoring Center of the State Oceanic Administration and the Foundation of Shanghai Fisheries University.     

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon （DIC） and Its Related Parameters in Seawater of the North Yellow Sea and off the Qingdao Coast in October, 2007

Data on the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were obtained from two cruises in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and off the Qingdao Coast (QC) in October, 2007. Carbonate parameters were calculated. The concentrations of DIC are from 1.896–2.229 mmolL⁻¹ in the NYS and from 1.939–2.032 mmolL⁻¹ off the QC. In the southwest of the NYS, DIC in the upper layers decreases from the north of the SP (Shandong Peninsula) shelf to the center of the NYS; whereas in the lower layers DIC increases from the north of the SP shelf to the center of the NYS and South Yellow Sea. In the northeast of the NYS, DIC in all layers increases from the YR (Yalu River) estuary to the centre of the NYS. The distribution of DIC in NYS can be used as an indicator of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). Air-sea CO₂ fluxes were calculated using three models and the results suggest that both the NYS and the QC waters are potential sources of atmospheric CO₂ in October.     

不同温度下长茎葡萄蕨藻无机碳利用

【目的】阐明长茎葡萄蕨藻对无机碳的利用方式。【方法】运用pH漂移技术,探索藻体质量、藻体部位、照度和海水体积对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)的pH补偿点的影响,并研究在3种不同温度(20、25、30℃)下,乙酰唑胺(AZ)、乙氧苯丙噻唑磺胺(EZ)、4,4′-二异硫氰基芪2,2′-二磺酸(DIDS)、钒酸盐(Van)4种抑制剂对长茎葡萄蕨藻无机碳的利用影响。【结果】藻体质量、藻体部位、照度和海水体积对长茎葡萄蕨藻的pH补偿点均无显著性影响(P>0.05),在一定范围内藻体质量或照度越大,达到pH补偿点时间越短,且pH补偿点均大于9。20℃下各抑制剂的抑制作用最大,其次为30℃,25℃最小,但3种温度下各抑制剂的抑制率无显著差别(P> 0.05)。4种抑制剂中DIDS对长茎葡萄蕨藻pH补偿点和无机碳利用均无显著影响(P> 0.05),剩余3种抑制剂的抑制作用依次为EZ>AZ>Van。【结论】藻体质量、藻体部位、照度和海水体积对长茎葡萄蕨藻pH补偿点无影响。温度对长茎葡萄蕨藻吸收利用无机碳没有明显影响。长茎葡萄蕨藻能利用HCO_3^-作为无机碳源进行光合作用。     

磷素在湖滨湿地基质-上覆水界面中的迁移过程

以抚仙湖流域马料河湖滨湿地基质为研究对象,进行了低浓度(P≤3.0mg/L)负荷条件的吸附动力学试验;以及低、高浓度磷的吸附等温线试验,结果表明,在初始磷浓度为0.02mg/L、0.03mg/L时,基质存在磷释放现象,当初始浓度增加到0.05mg/L时,基质开始吸附磷,24h后吸附趋于平衡状态,以一元线性回归法对上述基质的吸附等温线进行了Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型的回归分析,在此基础上,进行了高初始浓度下上覆水与基质振荡24h后基质对磷的吸附试验,结果表明在高浓度下,基质样品可在24h内释放原来吸附的大部分磷量.     

半叶马尾藻对N、P吸收速率的初步研究

在实验室条件下研究半叶马尾藻对不同浓度N、P以及不同化合态N的吸收速率。结果显示:不同浓度N、P下,半叶马尾藻对N、P的吸收速率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);半叶马尾藻对N、P的吸收速率随N、P浓度的升高而增加,最大吸收速率出现在N为200μmol/L、P为20μmol/L时,分别为2.397和0.229μmol·g-1·h-1;不同氮磷比条件下,半叶马尾藻对N、P的最大吸收速率出现在氮磷比为10时,在氮磷比为1~30范围内,氮磷比对半叶马尾藻吸收N、P速率的影响有统计学意义(P0.05);不同化合态N对半叶马尾藻吸收N、P速率的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),当NH4+-N和NO3--N共存时,半叶马尾藻对这2种化合态氮可同时吸收利用,各处理组间,对总无机N的吸收速率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在c(NO3--N)/c(NH4+-N)为2∶1和1∶2处有两个峰值,分别为2.036、1.862μmol·g-1·h-1,对P的最大吸收速率均出现在c(NO3--N)/c(NH4+-N)值为2∶1时,为0.206μmol·g-1·h-1。因此,在粤西沿海半叶马尾藻在消除养殖水域营养盐、防治海水富营养化方面有很大优势。     

地球内部水与无机成烃

地球内部水是广泛存在的,由于高温高压作用使其具有独特的物理和化学性质,它对于烃类物质生成和运移都具有重要的意义。在地球内部,水与无机矿物作用产生H2或者O2,对C-O-H流体平衡存在影响,这是烃类物质形成和稳定的重要因素。地球内部高温高压水热流体一方面为有机反应提供高效的介质,另一方面它直接作为反应物与碳酸盐和金属碳化物反应生成烃类物质。对于地球早期有机物形成和水热条件下有机物的主要合成反应——费托反应,其重要的成烃物质H2主要由水与矿物作用产生,这是目前较为认同的地球内部无机成烃的重要方式。     

饮马河流域典型湿地植物净化河流水环境效果研究

采取单种及混种方式,通过小型湿地模拟实验,研究松花江支流饮马河流域河流湿地中常见的芦苇、香蒲、槽秆荸荠、藨草、慈姑、花蔺、菱角、紫背浮萍和金鱼藻9种湿地植物及其组合对河流水体中化学需氧量(COD_(cr))、氮、磷等的净化效果。结果表明:所选湿地植物,在模拟环境条件下均能有效提升取自河流水体的水质;不同的湿地植物对污水中各污染物净化具有明显的差异,花蔺对总磷(TP)、COD_(cr)和氨氮(NH_3-N)净化效果最好,去除率依次为99.65%、68.22%和99.54%;香蒲、菱角、金鱼藻混合组对总氮(TN)的净化效果最好,去除率是66.19%;槽杆荸荠、芦苇和金鱼藻对亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2-N)的净化效果最好,去除率是83.64%。两种植物混种后对某一种污染物指标的处理效果弱于分别独种时的处理效果,但对多种污染物指标的综合处理效果一般要好于独种时的处理效果。     

氮、磷对大亚湾大鹏澳海区浮游植物群落的影响Ⅱ种类组成

根据2005年4－5月（春季）、8月（夏季）和11月（秋季）对大亚湾大鹏澳海区表层的现场调查结合营养盐加富实验,探讨了不同季节氮（NO3－或脲氮 (urea)）和无机磷（PO43－）营养元素对浮游植物种类组成的潜在影响。大鹏澳海区浮游植物优势种有明显季节变化,秋季种类组成的平面变化最明显。春季浮游植物平均细胞密度最高但多样性指数最低。实验结果显示,春季至夏季浮游植物优势种翼根管藻模式变型Rhizosolenia alata f. genuina、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus和绕孢角毛藻Chaetoceros cinctus之间的演替可能受氮、磷条件变化的控制。夏季优势种菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii之间的演替可能受营养条件外的因素控制。尽管磷被认为是该海区浮游植物生长的主要限制因子,但夏季无机氮磷比值较高的实验组中未出现磷限制现象,无机氮磷比值的变化对浮游植物种类组成也没有显著影响,而秋季氮对浮游植物种类组成有较明显的潜在影响。     

春、秋季北黄海生源要素的平面分布特征

根据春季和秋季对北黄海2个航次的调查数据,分析了北黄海春秋两季节生源要素的平面分布特征,并简要讨论了其成因.结果表明:(1) 春季北黄海DIN,PO4-P,SiO3-Si的平均浓度分别为(3.46±2.66),(0.18±0.17)和(3.29±3.06)μmol·dm-3,含量较低;到秋季则分别升高至(6.45±3.64),(0.40±0.24)和(7.64±3.84)μmol·dm-3;DO则表现出了相反的变化,秋季较低,春季为秋季的1.42倍.(2) 春季DIN,PO4-P,SiO3-Si在各个层次的分布趋势较为类似,表层和10 m层表现为北黄海中部低,近岸较高,30 m层以下则在冷水团盘踞区及海域东部有高值.DO表层和10 m层变化趋势不显著,但在30 m以下表现出与营养盐相反的分布规律.秋季,DIN,PO4-P,SiO3-Si在各个层次分别具有相同的分布趋势,表层和10 m层表现为北黄海中部低,近岸较高,30 m层以下则在冷水团盘踞区含量较高.而DO由表到底都表现出与营养盐相反的趋势.