延边明月沟盆地中生代火山岩深源捕虏体和捕虏晶的发现及矿物化学

在延边地区明月沟盆地中侏罗世屯田营组火山岩中发现含有较多的辉石岩捕虏体及单斜辉石和角闪石捕虏晶。单斜辉石相对富含Al2O3、FeO和TiO2,与中国东部新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶的成分相当。角闪石巨晶的成分明显不同于地幔橄榄岩包体中的韭闪石。从矿物化学所获得的温度-压力计算结果表明：岩浆来源应位于壳幔过渡带。     

On the Relationship between Mantle Metasomatism and Partial Melting-Evidence from Mantlederived Lherzolite Xenoliths from Nueshan,China

Studies of the mantle-derived iherzolites from Nushan show that in addition to CO2,there were present H2O and small amounts of CO, CH4, SO2,Cl and F in the initial mantlc fluids derived fron the asthenospheric mantlc plumc .The imitial fluids accumulated in some regions of the mantle, resulting in lowering of the mantle solidus (and liquidus) and partial melting of the upper mantle. Melts formed from low-degree of fluid-involved partial melting of the upper mantle would be highly enriched in incompatible elements.Fluies and melts are allthe metasomatic agents for mantle metasomatism, and the interaction between them and the depleted mantle could result in the substan-tial local enrichment of LREE and incompatible elements in the latter.In case that the concentration of H2O in the fluids (and melts) is lower ,only cryptic metasomatism would occur, in case that the concentration of H2O is higher,the degree of partial melting would be higher and hydrous metasomatic phases(e.g. amphiboles )would nucleate. Under such circumstances, there would occur model metasomatism.     

冀北张家口地区汉诺坝玄武岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的硫化物相

捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相,主要类型有:①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物;②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物;③次生硫化物包裹体群;④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明,硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿,(Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe(原子比)远小于0.2;(Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S(原子比)比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小,多小于0.875,反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量,其平均值分别为0.19%～0.22%(Au)、0.01%～0.02%(Ag),反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关,说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系,由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。     

Sm／Nd Evolution of Upper Mantle and Continental Crust：Constraints on Gowth Rates of the Continental Crust

A new approach to the investigation of the Sm/Nd evolution of the upper mantle directly from the data on lherzolite xenoliths is described in this paper.It is demonstrated that the model age TCHUR of an unmetasomatic iherzolite zenolith ca represent the mean depletion age of its mantle source, thus presenting a correlation trend between f^Sm/Nd and the mean depletion age of the upper mantle from the data on xenoliths.This correlation trend can also be derived from the data on river suspended loads as well as from granitoids.Based on the correlation trend mentioned above and mean depletion ages of the upper mantle at various geological times, an evolution curve for the mean f^Sm/Nd value of the upper mantle through geological time has been established.It is suggested that the upwilling of lower mantle material into the upper mantle and the recycling of continental crust material during the Archean were more active ,thus maintaining fairly constantf^Sm/Nd and εNd values during this time period. Similarly ,an evolution curve for the mean f^Sm/Nd value of the continental crust through geological time has also been established from the data of continental crust material.In the light of both evolution curves for the upper mantle and continental crust ,a growth curve for the continental crust has been worked out ,suggesting that :(1)about 30%(in volume )of the present crust was present as the continental crust at 3.8 Ga ago ;(2)the growth rate was much lower during the Archean ;and (3)the Proterozoic is another major period of time during which the continental crust wsa built up .     

汉诺坝麻粒岩捕虏体锆石U-Pb 分析初步结果及讨论

本文报道了汉诺坝玄武岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的锆石 U-Pb 初步分析结果，并讨论了其成因的两种可能性。     

华北新太古代和中生代大陆下地壳中的水:以汉诺坝地区为例

应用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,对华北克拉通北缘汉诺坝地区的太古宙地体麻粒岩和新生代玄武岩中捕虏体麻粒岩(中生代底侵成因)的主要组成矿物(单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石和石榴子石)进行了详细分析.结果表明,无论是地体麻粒岩还是捕虏体麻粒岩,岩石中的主要组成矿物均含有结构水,主要以OH形式存在.同种产状麻粒岩的矿物水含量(H2O%)均存在较大的变化,而且都远远超出实验误差,表明下地壳内水的分布可能是不均一的.两种产状麻粒岩的矿物结构水含量有着显著的不同,地体麻粒岩中矿物的水含量是捕虏体麻粒岩的2倍以上.太古宙-古元古代形成的安徽女山新生代玄武岩中的捕虏体麻粒岩具有与汉诺坝太古宙地体麻粒岩相似的水含量范围,但明显高于汉诺坝中生代形成的捕虏体麻粒岩.由此看来,早期(太古宙-古元古代)下地壳的水含量要比中生代形成的下地壳高得多,这可能指示不同时代下地壳在形成机制和性质上的不同.     

榴辉岩类捕虏体的地球化学特征及其构造意义——来自徐淮地区中生代侵入杂岩中的信息

利用X-荧光光谱和ICPMS测试了徐淮地区中生代侵入杂岩中榴辉岩类捕虏体的组成.主量元素为: SiO₂的含量为40.88%~47.82%, TiO₂为0.78%~2.00%, Al₂O₃为11.72%~16.08%, FeO (全铁) 为12.77%~20.29%, MgO为5.23%~11.47%, CaO为7.80%~13.11%, Na2O为0.30%~2.09%, K₂O为0.13%~0.69%.榴辉岩类捕虏体具有较低的稀土元素丰度(Σ_REE= (34.26~115.51) ×10-6), 且具有明显的Nb、P、Zr和Ti的负异常.捕虏体的I(Sr) 和ε(Nd, t) 值分别为0.7042~0.7085和-5.77~2.99 (L-4为-13.05).上述特征暗示本区榴辉岩类捕虏体的原岩具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩的特征.榴辉岩类捕虏体Nd的模式年龄和其中锆石SHRIMPUPb年龄显示它们应属于华北克拉通的基底物质.华北克拉通基底物质发生的榴辉岩相变质作用暗示中生代早期华北克拉通东部曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程, 这应与扬子克拉通沿北西或北西西方向深俯冲于华北克拉通之下有关.      

辽西中生代粗面玄武岩中地幔和下地壳捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

辽西中生代粗面玄武岩的KAr同位素年龄为84.76±1.67Ma,其 中 含有丰富的超镁 铁质岩和深部壳源捕虏体,主要有角闪尖晶二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、 含斜长石的角闪二辉石岩、二辉麻粒岩和辉石斜长片麻岩等。包体的组构及矿物化学研究表 明超镁质岩捕虏体来源于上地幔,麻粒岩和片麻岩则为深部壳源捕虏体。该类包体的发现对 中国东部中生代上地幔和下地壳的研究具有重要意义。     

复杂橄榄岩捕虏体:反演岩石圈演化过程的罕见而重要的样品

地幔和／或下地壳中存在2类“复杂”橄榄岩捕虏体:一类为“混杂”,即“polymict”橄榄岩捕虏体;另一类为相对常见的“复合”,即“composite”橄榄岩捕虏体．复合橄榄岩捕虏体通常由橄榄岩和辉石岩／麻粒岩或由橄榄岩夹辉石岩脉2部分或多部分组成．岩相学上易于辨认,有时手标本上即可辨认．而混杂橄榄岩捕虏体为各种橄榄岩和／或辉石岩来源的矿物和熔体混杂在一起组成的构造岩,岩相学上很难辨认,只有通过矿物组成分析来判断．混杂橄榄岩捕虏体仅见于南非Kaapvaal 克拉通金伯利岩岩管中,该类捕虏体来源于地幔塑性剪切带,记录了流／熔体参与下的地幔变形和交代作用的全过程．复合橄榄岩捕虏体较常见,出现在全球各类玄武岩和金伯利岩中．复合橄榄岩捕虏体有多种成因,如地幔变形、壳幔过渡带样品、交代作用和堆积成因等等．这些复合橄榄岩捕虏体同样记录了岩石圈地幔和／或下地壳交代作用／改造过程的中间状态．因此,这些罕见而重要的复杂橄榄岩捕虏体为大陆岩石圈动力学演化过程提供了最直接的样品．     

华北克拉通东部中生代岩石圈减薄的过程与机制:中生代火成岩和深源捕虏体证据

基于最新的同位素年代学资料 ,华北克拉通东部中生代的岩浆作用可划分成四个阶段 ,即晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)碱性岩浆作用 ;中晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用 ;早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用和晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用。徐淮地区中生代侵入岩中榴辉岩捕虏体的发现及其地质年代学资料 ( 2 1 9Ma)表明 ,华北克拉通东部中生代早期曾发生过一次重要的陆壳加厚过程。俯冲板片的断离以及高压—超高压变质岩的快速折返和晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)的碱性岩浆作用的存在均暗示 ,华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄已经开始。拆沉作用则是引起中生代早期岩石圈减薄的主要机制。中、晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用形成于造山期后的伸展环境 ,代表了中生代岩石圈减薄的继续和发展。早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用表明中生代岩石圈减薄达到了峰期。而幔源纯橄岩捕虏体中富硅质熔体的交代作用和玄武岩的高87Sr/ 86Sr值、低ε(Nd ,t)值特征表明 ,软流圈对岩石圈底部的化学侵蚀可能是导致该阶段岩石圈减薄的主导机制。晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用和“海洋型”地幔捕虏体的存在代表了等温面的下降和岩石圈地幔的增生