富拉尔基油田油藏地质特征及开发效果分析

一、地质简况 松辽盆地经历了断陷-坳陷-萎缩三个发展阶段,盆地具有下裂、上坳的双重结构,西部超覆带亦随盆地演化历史变化。该区基底总体上为由西向东倾的斜坡,其岩性主要为海西期和燕山期的火成岩。侏罗纪时期在盆地深部裂谷扩张作用下富拉尔基至梅里斯地区发育有较大的断陷,主要沉积为砂泥岩互层。白垩纪时期,由于盆地的扩张和内缩,地层主要为超覆性组合。泉四段直接超覆于侏罗系地层之上。该区主要目的层萨二、三组油层所在的姚二、三段地层直接超覆于青山口地层之上,地层总厚度20m～25m。     

航片内定向误差对成图精度影响分析

通过分析生产中常见的两类内定向存在的问题,进而利用内定向的仿射变换进行了内定向误差引起的像点位移的理论推导,该理论主要运用于实际生产过程中内定向误差引起的像点位移小于内定向误差,从而满足成图精度要求。     

老168平台海油陆采丛式井组关键钻井工艺

老168平台丛式井组是2009年中石化及胜利油田的重点产能建设项目之一,平台上共部署58口海油陆采定向井。该丛式井组的施工主要有以下难点：井网密集,防碰工作量大;造斜点浅、井斜大、造斜困难;位移大、裸眼稳斜段长,稳斜难度大;钻井液技术必须考虑环境保护问题,可借鉴经验非常少。因此钻井施工难度极大,通过实施优化井场布局及井眼轨道技术、大井眼松软浅地层定向技术、高精度轨迹控制技术、大位移井安全钻进技术,优质无污染海水钻井液技术,最终实现了老168钻完井一体化作业,节约了成本,提高了效率,为今后胜利油田丛式井组施工提供了宝贵经验。     

Distribution of large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges in relation to spreading rates

Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island: influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified:the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea (ECS) slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initiated during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N-S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW-SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE-trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by F5, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

冲绳海槽轴线地质特征

冲绳海槽位于东海大陆架与琉球岛弧之间，海槽中发育着一系列平行轴向延伸的地堑型正断层。穿越海槽的地震剖面证实了海槽扩张中心的存在，扩张轴沿海槽轴线方向延伸。由于地堑构造中心的扩张速率较大，由某引起的海槽中心下陷的速率大于沉积作用的补偿速率，使海槽中心海底出现明显的下陷。在轴线的大陆坡一侧，陆源沉积占绝对优势；轴线的岛坡一侧，以火山坡碎屑、浮岩、有孔虫软泥为沉积特征。     

海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程对比研究

海底管线是海洋油气输运系统的重要组成成分,其稳定性和安全性尤为重要。通过有限元软件ABAQUS,应用Mohr-Coulomb模型,模拟海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程。通过平衡初始地应力,设置管土接触,考虑重力和浮力作用,进行土体固结分析,计算裸置与埋置管线的土体与管线竖直位移,并进行管线悬跨研究。计算结果显示,对于裸置管线,参数的改变使土体更容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量更大;对于埋置管线,当管线埋深较浅、管线上方土体重量不大时,参数的改变使管线平均密度与周围土体密度相差越大土体越容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量越大。当管线悬空时,悬跨长度过大易使管线两端支撑土体被压溃,管线易产生大变形而失稳,因此在管线安装与维护过程中,一定要采取措施降低悬跨长度,保证管线运营安全。     

顾及水深的单波束测深系统误差改正方法

为解决单波束测深系统利用单一延迟值改正往返断面位移精度低的问题,在分析单波束测深系统误差产生原理基础上,得出往返断面位移是由系统延迟引起的固定差和换能器偏角引起的与深度相关比例误差共同作用的结果,通过建立水深与往返断面位移之间的数学模型,证实水深与断面位移具有极高相关性.利用求取单波束系统延迟及换能器偏角参数,对同一测...     

多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压模型试验及颗粒流模拟研究

利用室内半模试验和颗粒流数值模拟,揭示多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压承载特性及变形特征。结果表明,通过对比分析极限承载力与H_h/D(持力层厚度与扩大头直径之比)的关系可以看出,单桩的抗压极限承载力随H_h/D逐渐增加,当H_h/D超过2.0时,极限承载力基本不再增加,此时的单桩抗压极限承载力稳定在300.01~303.25 N,是H_h/D=0.5时极限承载力(183.83 N)的1.65倍。扩大头下部土体发生局部压缩-剪切破坏,破坏面从扩大头底面边缘向斜下方扩展,在水平方向影响范围达到最大后逐渐向桩内侧收缩;荷载作用越大,地基破坏区域越大,相应的极限抗压承载力也越大;持力层厚度增加,扩大头分担的荷载比例增大,分担的荷载达到稳定需要的桩顶位移也越大,H_h=0.5 D试验扩大头分担的荷载比例稳定时为60%,对应的桩顶位移约为29 mm;桩顶位移达到33 mm后,H_h=1.0~3.0 D试验稳定在63%~65%之间;通过细观颗粒流理论对砂土移动特性的研究发现,持力层厚度从0.5 D增大至2.0 D,破坏面的起始扩展角度从31°增大至42°。数值模拟研究结果与模型试验数据吻合效果良好,证明该方法分析多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压荷载传递机理是可行的。     

星地碰撞的板块构造效应

板块构造是一种全球大地构造理论.它以洋底扩张、洋壳边缘俯冲及转换断层为主要构造活动形式,配以地幔对流为原动力,建立一套颇具魅力的板块构造机制理论,被受到广泛认同.但也存在一些重要问题,主要是其地幔对流理念难以令人信服和对海陆格局变迁问题没提出明确的动力机制.在阐明造成板块构造理论这两方面困难问题的主要理由之后,介绍了星地碰撞事件的存在状况及其动力作用,着重论述了大规模星地碰撞的动力作用强大,对全球地质构造活动都有重要影响,板块构造也难以避免;星地碰撞的强烈冲击作用,有能力造成洋底开裂或使大陆裂解.据此设想,可用"星地撞击成缝,减压诱发岩浆上侵"的模式,取代与地球内部层圈结构相抵触的"地幔对流"模式来解释洋底扩张;并以星地碰撞发生地点的随机变化性作为大规模海陆格局变迁的主控原因.如此,则可有助于上述板块构造理论中存在的两大难题的解决.