从沉积物中重矿物动力分区论钦州湾泥沙来源及运移趋势

钦州湾沉积物中重矿物组合大体上划分为四个动力分区：内湾茅尾海重矿物区即钛铁矿－电气石－锆石－赤铁矿组合区，湾颈－外湾重矿物区即钛铁矿－赤铁矿－矿石－电气石组合区，外湾东部重矿物区即电气石－锆石－钛铁矿组合区，外湾西南部重矿物区即电气石－钛铁矿－锆石组合区。在重矿物动力分区的基础上，探讨钦州湾泥沙来源及其运移趋势。     

Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

辽河盆地大民屯凹陷流体压力特征

大民屯凹陷是辽河断陷内4个下第三系凹陷之一。在综合利用钻井、试井及地震等资料的基础上，系统研究并论述了大民屯凹陷流体压力特征。基于57口井的声波测井资料，凹陷内泥岩压力特征可区分为正常压力、异常压力或强超压等类型；根据152口井391个点的压力测试数据，凹陷内产油层段的压力梯度多接近于1；利用公式法模拟计算了47条地震剖面的流体压力、剩余压力及压力系数的分布特征，凹陷内剖面压力系统自上而下一般由正常压力、弱超压和强超压3部分组成。此外，还根据流体压力演化的基本原理及钻井、岩性与试井等实际资料，模拟恢复了大民屯凹陷的压力演化史，其可划分为超压原始积累、超压部分释放及超压再积聚3个阶段。总体上，大民屯凹陷的超压强度低于渤海湾盆地其他地区的超压强度。     

天然气水合物的热流特征及影响因素

热流特征是研究天然气水合物的重要指标之一，不同地质环境下的天然气水合物的热流特征不尽相同。天然气水合物的热流分布主要受地壳年龄和沉积作用、地形及断裂构造和流体迁移等因素影响。     

大洋铁锰矿床形成过程中的生物作用

生物在大洋多金属结核形成过程中的重要作用早已引起了学者们的关注。Ｇｒｅｅｎｓｌａｔｅ１９７４年；Ｄｕｇｏｌｉｎｓｋｙ等１９７７年已注意到生物参与了多金属结核的生长。在大洋铁锰矿床形成过程中 ,生物起着至关重要的作用。死亡浮游生物在下沉过程中的氧化分解为海底铁锰成矿作用提供了物质基础 ,是成矿金属元素向海底富集的重要机制。生物的有机分解作用不仅向海底沉积物提供大量的微量金属元素 ,从而改变沉积物及孔隙水中微量元素的组成和浓度 ,而且改变了海底的沉积环境 ,特别是氧化还原环境 ［１］。好氧和厌氧细菌的活动营造…     

Second-Order Solutions for Random lnterfacial Waves Under Steady Uniform Currents

In the present research, the study of Song (2004) for random interracial waves in two-layer fluid is extended to the case of fluids moving at different steady uniform speeds. The equations describing the random displacements of the density interface and the associated velocity potentials in two-layer fluid are solved to the second order, and the wave-wave interactions of the wave components and the interactions between the waves and currents are described. As expected, the extended solutions include those obtained by Song (2004) as one special case where the steady uniform currents of the two fluids are taken as zero, and the solutions reduce to those derived by Sharma and Dean (1979) for random surface waves if the density of the upper fluid and the current of the lower fluid are both taken as zero.     

任意截面大尺度垂直柱体的波浪力和水动作用力

许多海洋工程结构物和水工结构物,如海上贮油罐、各种支墩等,具有等截面柱状体外形,或在足够精确的工程近似意义上可视为这类柱体。它们的下端固置于水底,上端穿透水面,它们的波浪载荷是设计中的一个重要考虑因素;在许多场合,它们与周围流体的耦联振动也是相当重要的。对大尺度结构物而言,我们可在势流理论的范围内求解这一问题。通用的三维源汇分布法无疑是适用的,但对这类特殊的结构形式显得极不经济。