悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中痕量铅

提出了悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中痕量铅的分析方法.讨论了悬浮颗粒粒径、悬浮液浓度、悬浮稳定剂、基体改进剂等因素对测定结果的影响.实验结果表明: 样品粒径 < 38μm, 以0.2g/L的Triton - 100为悬浮剂, 3g/L的(NH₄)₂HPO₄为基体改进剂, 电磁搅拌进样可简便快速地测定地质样品中的痕量铅, 方法的检出限为0.10ng/g, 精密度为3.31% (n =10).43GSD标样测定结果与推荐值一致      

水悬浮液中硅的测定

本方法使用德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的AASnovAA(原子吸收光谱仪,断续流动注射SFS和50 mm燃烧头刮板;AAS contrAA高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪;测定水悬浮液中硅,并对两仪器的测定结果进行对比。1样品制备为保证悬浮液样品均匀,将盛装悬浮液的容器封好后置于超声波水浴中10 min,然后立即将约0.5 g样品转移至50 mL容量瓶中,用1 g/L KCl(水溶液)定容至刻度线。各样品在测定前要充分摇匀。另外,要留意Si浓度的降低(1 h后约减少14%)。2仪器工作条件设定原子吸收光谱仪的工作条件:波长251.6 nm,狭缝0.2 nm,火焰类型N2O/C2H2,燃气流量25     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENT SUSPENSIONS FROM ECKERNF(O)RDE AND KIELER F(O)RDE BAYS, WESTERN BALTIC SEA

Local areas of fine-grained organic-rich sediments in Eckernforde and Kieler Forde Bays may experience disturbances which cause fluidization of the substrate and create a dense suspension （fluid mud） which exists temporarily as a component of the benthic boundary layer before becoming incorporated into the permanent bottom. Laboratory studies indicate this material behaves rheologically as a non-Newtonian substance, and both shear thinning （pseudoplastic） and shear thickening （dilatant） flow behavior can occur （ofien within the same sample） under low to intermediate shear stresses （2 - 40 Pa） and shear rates （0.46 - 122.49 s^-1）. Detailed granulometric analyses （1/4 phi intervals） of the fraction 〈63 μm show differences in the silt/clay ratio （clay 〈2 μm） between the two environments. Little change in the silt/clay ratio is seen in the Kieler Forde sediments （from 0.74 to 0.95）; however, at Eckernforde, the ratio changed from 0.73 to 2.19. Fine silt particles are lacking or were removed from the 4 to 16 μm fraction of the Eckernforde but not from the Kieler Forde sediments. Both shear thickening and shear thinning flow was observed in the Eckernforde sediments. Shear thickening flow behavior was not observed in the Kieler Forde sediments. Samples of organic-rich （10 to 20%） interface sediments from both areas were analyzed rheologically prior to, and atier removal of organic matter by H2O2 treatment. Reduction in ‘apparent＇ viscosity occurred through the entire range of shear rates and stresses, shear thickening behavior was reduced or became nonexistent, and yield stress decreased significantly compared to the natural samples. The differences in yield stress and flow behavior of dense suspensions result primarily from differences in grain size distributions but the role of organic matter on those properties is very significant and adds to the effects of the grain size distribution of the sediment.     

悬浮液进样电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定化探样品中痕量元素

提出了人工合成标样和化探样品经熔融处理后消除基体效应的影响,悬浮液进样ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定化探样品中Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ,Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ的分析方法,研究了悬浮液进样的最佳实验条件,经部分ＧＢＷ标准物质验证分析结果与推荐值吻合。     

悬浮液进样-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中痕量砷锑硒

在原子荧光光谱法传统样品前处理的基础上，提出了悬浮液进样技术。用琼脂作为悬浮剂，水溶液作为校正曲线，对土壤标准样品和实际样品进行测定，结果令人满意，并且省去了冗长的样品化学前处理过程。检出限分别为砷0．33μg／L、锑0．13μg／L、硒0．06μg／L；相对标准偏差分别为：砷3．92％～6．32％、锑1．76％～3．11％、硒3．08％～5．54％；回收率分别为砷98．7％～105．7％、锑99．5％-103．3％和硒94．6％-107．2％。国家一级标准物质的测定结果与标准值相符，实际样品的测定值与传统消化法相比较，结果基本一致。     

Simplified Wave Models Applicability to Shallow Mud Flows Modeled as Power-Law Fluids

Simplified wave models- such as kinematic,diffusion and quasi-steady- are widely employed as a convenient replacement of the full dynamic one in the analysis of unsteady open-channel flows,and especially for flood routing.While their use may guarantee a significant reduction of the computational effort,it is mandatory to define the conditions in which they may be confidently applied.The present paper investigates the applicability conditions of the kinematic,diffusion and quasisteady dynamic shallow wave models for mud flows of power-law fluids.The power-law model describes in an adequate and convenient way fluids that at low shear rates fluids do not posses yield stress,such as clay or kaolin suspensions,which are frequently encountered in Chinese rivers.In the framework of a linear analysis,the propagation characteristics of a periodic perturbation of an initial steady uniform flow predicted by the simplified models are compared with those of the full dynamic one.Based on this comparison,applicability criteria for the different wave approximations for mud flood of power-law fluids are derived.The presented results provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate approximation for a given flow problem,and therefore they may represent a useful tool for engineering predictions.     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粮食中的铁锌钙镁

将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法,并测定了大豆粉、玉米粉及面粉中的铁、锌、钙、镁。将粮食粉与配制成悬浮液,喷入空气－乙炔火焰,用标准加入法测定,测定结果与灰化法一致。     

水悬浮液中硅的测定

本方法使用德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的AAS novAA原子吸收光谱仪,断续流动注射SFS和50mm燃烧头刮板;AAS contrAA高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪;测定水悬浮液中硅,并对两仪器的测定结果进行对比。     

固体悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收法测定岩石矿物中痕量银

本文初步探讨了采用超声波使固体样与溶剂形成均匀的固体悬浮液,直接进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石矿物中痕量Ag。对18个国家级标准样品中Ag进行了测试,结果吻合。对含Ag3.2μg/g的GSD-11 标样测定10次,其相对标准偏差为3.06％,方法特征量为1.9pg/0.0044A,测定下限可达0.1ng/ml。     

~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年矿物绢云母的提纯研究

绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄是研究矿床形成年龄的重要手段,但是~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年矿物绢云母的提纯一直是一个难题。现有分离提纯方法得到的绢云母集合体中通常含有微斜长石,如本研究中常规磁选-重液法得到的微斜长石含量在0～28%,常规悬浮液法得到的微斜长石含量在3%～45%。当绢云母集合体中的微斜长石含量超过10%时,会直接影响测年的准确性。为探索一种有效的绢云母提纯方法,本文首先考察了常规磁选-重液法和常规悬浮液法的提纯效果,实验结果表明两种方法得到的绢云母纯度均不高,而且常规悬浮液法的粒度有时很细,不能满足定年要求。进而采用超声波解离-悬浮液法对磁选-重液法得到的含微斜长石的绢云母集合体进行了条件实验,绢云母的纯度从28%提高到77%,微斜长石相对于绢云母的含量从12.5%降为0。绢云母的粒度大于1μm的占比在95%以上,最小粒度大于0.356μm,大于~(39)Ar核反冲丢失的理论估算值0.08μm,该粒度下的绢云母在接受中子照射过程中不会引起明显的核反冲丢失,对中高温阶段的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄影响不大。研究认为,对于采用磁选-重液法得到的绢云母集合体,当其中的微斜长石含量大于10%时,可以采用超声波解离-悬浮液法进一步富集绢云母,降低微斜长石的含量,保证测年的准确性。