基于AUKF的框架结构离线模型更新混合试验方法

模型更新混合试验在传统混合试验方法的基础上更新与试验构件具有相同恢复力特性的构件,扩展了混合试验方法的应用范围。本文旨在提高模型更新混合试验的精度,降低试验的成本并简化模型更新混合试验方法的流程。自适应UKF(AUKF)算法在传统UKF的基础上加入方差自适应模块,能够减轻初始参数设定对参数识别结果的影响,本文基于AUKF提出一种模型更新混合试验方法。对以Bouc-Wen为恢复力模型的防屈曲约束支撑(BRB)进行低周反复加载虚拟试验,通过Matlab编制AUKF算法程序进行参数识别,验证了AUKF算法的高效准确性。对一榀8层4跨带BRB的钢框架进行混合试验数值仿真,结果表明离线模型更新试验结果较在线模型更新更接近真实结果,且简化了试验流程。     

钢筋-沥青隔震层非线性震动特性研究

为了研究钢筋-沥青隔震层的材料与几何非线性震动特性,对钢筋-沥青隔震结构进行了振动台试验,分析了结构在不同加速度幅值输入时的隔震性能。同时,在钢材的应力-应变关系基础上,考虑构件竖向力的二次矩效应,提出了钢筋-沥青隔震层骨架曲线的计算方法,并结合双线型恢复力模型的滞回规则,建立了相应的恢复力模型。利用建立的恢复力模型,编制程序进行了弹塑性时程分析,并与试验结果作对比。结果表明:当钢筋-沥青隔震层的受力钢筋进入弹塑性阶段时,隔震层能够吸收大部分地震能量,显著降低上部结构的地震反应;弹塑性时程分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,由此建立的恢复力模型准确并且适用,可为钢筋-沥青隔震层的工程设计与非线性地震反应分析提供参考。     

预压碟簧自复位钢筋混凝土桥墩恢复力模型与滞回性能研究

为减小钢筋混凝土桥墩在地震中的损伤并且实现经济快速的震后恢复,提出一种新型预压碟簧自复位钢筋混凝土桥墩(PDS-SCCP)。文中对PDS-SCCP的整体构造和工作原理进行了详细介绍,并建立了反映其滞回特性的恢复力模型。采用ABAQUS建立PDS-SCCP的数值模型,并将ABAQUS计算结果与恢复力模型进行对比分析。结果表明：文中建立的恢复力模型能够较准确地描述PDS-SCCP的滞回特征;在往复荷载作用下,PDS-SCCP可以实现预期的工作机制,其塑性损伤集中于可更换耗能装置,混凝土墩身基本保持弹性,复位装置能够稳定地为桥墩提供恢复力。     

考虑双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型试验研究

通过3个施加常轴力的RPC箱型桥墩试件的水平反复荷载试验,考虑水平荷载作用方向对RPC箱型墩抗震性能的影响,分析各试件滞回特性和骨架曲线的特点,对影响RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型的主要因素进行数值回归分析,建立了计入双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型。利用基于平截面假定的纤维模型法编制考虑轴力二阶效应的双轴压弯构件非线性分析程序,并对RPC箱型桥墩试件的骨架曲线和滞回曲线进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果进行分析对比表明:所提出的恢复力模型具有较好的精确性,能够较好地模拟和反映RPC箱型桥墩的抗震性能。     

组合深梁填充钢框架的恢复力模型

为实现结构刚度可在一定范围内渐变,同时充分发挥组合钢板的性能,介绍一种新型高层抗震加固结构体系—组合深梁。通过在水平低周反复荷载下,2个组合深梁填充钢框架结构模型试验,得到内填组合深梁钢框架结构的滞回曲线。试验过程中,混凝土板限制了钢板失稳变形,钢板塑性得以发展;组合深梁最后耗能破坏,随后钢框架发生破坏。试验结果显示:组合深梁主要由钢板部分来承担水平剪力和弯矩,混凝土板并不承担水平荷载;试件的滞回曲线饱满且骨架曲线有明显的塑性流动阶段,试件的延性和耗能能力较好,证明内填组合深梁钢框架结构抗震性能良好。最后,利用得到的试验数据进行回归分析,建立该结构恢复力模型,可用于组合深梁结构的弹塑性反应分析。     

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土压弯构件恢复力模型研究

根据目前已有试验资料和理论分析,结合钢筋锈蚀引起结构破坏形态的改变,综合考虑结构各种耐久性损伤因素,并对箍筋锈蚀进行修正,提出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土压弯构件基于地震损伤的恢复力模型的确定方法.通过与现有试验进行对比分析,表明模型描绘的骨架曲线与试验结果总体吻合较好,模型计算的滞回曲线所描述的现象与试验一致,该恢复力模型可在损伤钢筋混凝土结构地震反应分析中采用.     

考虑组合效应的钢框架梁柱节点恢复力模型研究

为了研究考虑节点区组合效应后高层钢框架节点的抗震性能,根据钢框架节点在低周反复荷载作用下足尺模型试验研究成果,总结了各试验节点试件的滞回性能,包括节点的延性、耗能能力等指标.在试验滞回曲线的基础上,考虑试件强度、刚度退化等影响,建立了考虑组合效应的梁柱节点的恢复力模型,所建立的模型可以用于结构弹塑性时程反应分析和钢框架节点抗震设计.     

Design approaches for active, semi-active and passive control systems based on analysis of characteristics of active control force

In this paper,the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed.The following characteristics are observed:(1) active control can provide signifi cantly superior supplemental damping to a building,but causes a small frequency shift;(2) the linear quadratic regulator(LQR)-based control force is composed of an elastic restoring force component and a damping force component,where the damping force is almost identical to the total control force,howev...     

连片特困地区易地扶贫移民生计恢复力评估

借鉴社会—生态系统研究领域的恢复力概念,结合可持续生计分析框架和基于资本的评估方法,构建易地扶贫移民生计恢复力评价指标体系。运用陕南安康市3个区县的657份农户实地调研数据,采用因子分析方法和多元线性回归模型,从微观农户视角实证分析和评估易地扶贫移民的生计恢复力及其影响因素。结果表明：易地搬迁农户物质、社会资本分布不均衡,不同搬迁类型和时间对农户生计资本分化产生作用。物质、金融和社会资本积累水平以及环境、健康服务可及性等均是搬迁户提升生计恢复力的前提和基础,而搬迁类型对移民生计恢复力表现出显著的负向作用。建议政府充分发挥政策优势,针对不同搬迁类型和时间移民进行精准帮扶,着力解决搬迁户生计资本的薄弱环节,不断提升其生计恢复潜力。