开都河流域区径流时空分布特征分析

开都河流域位于新疆天山山脉中段南坡,塔里木盆地北缘。河流上游穿越了天山山地的大、小尤勒都斯山问盆地;河流中游经高山峡谷段,汇入几条较大支流的水量;河流下游汇纳莫合茶汗沟、哈合仁郭楞沟及黄水沟西支的部分水量．是新疆水量较大的河流之一。本文选取该河流域巴音布鲁克、山恨土海、大山口、黄水沟、焉耆水文站的径流资料。运用数理统计的方法对流域内水文要素时空变化特征进行分析,分析结果表明,开都河流域径流量年内分配不均,但年际变化不大,产水模数与流域控制高度关系密切;流域下游,随着流域人口的增加和社会经济的发展,区间引用水和消耗水量呈增加的趋势。     

Study on the geochemical correlation of crude oils of Palaeocene and Jurassic ages from the Potowar Indus Basin in northern Pakistan

This study deals with a detailed geochemical characterization of three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin, Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were obtained from three productive oil fields of the Datta Formation (Jurassic), Lochhart (Palaeocene) and the Dhak Pass zone (Palaeocene). The GC parameters for and the bulk properties of Datta Formation oils are essentially coincident with those of the oils from the Dhak Pass Formation in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan and the oils likely originate from a marine source rock. In contrast, the Lockhart Formation oils show different behaviors and seem to be originated from dirty carbonate rocks although all three crude oils are mature, being of non-biodegraded and somewhat mixed organic matter origin. Low Pr/Ph values and high C₃₅ homohopane index for the Lockhart Formation oils suggest a source of anoxic environment with low Eh while oils from the Datta Formation and Dhak Pass Formation showed different trends, i.e., lower values of C₃₅ homohopane index indicating different depositional environment than oil from the Lockhart Formation. All three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin are mature for the hopane ratios, i.e., Ts/Ts+Tm, C₃₂22S/(S+R) and C₃₀ αβ/(αβ+βα) and sterane ratios, i.e., C₂₉22S/(S+R) and C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα) but oils from the Lockhart Formation seem to be less mature than those from the Palaeocene and Datta Formation according to plots like API° vs. homohopane Index, Pr/Ph vs. sterane. The relative composition of 5α(H), 14β(H), 17β(H)-24-ethylecholestanes and the C₂₉20S/20S+20R index, indicate that all three crude oils are equally mature, which makes it unlikely with respect to the above said plots. This difference is may be due to the migratory chromatography which alters the concentrations of sterane and hoapnes and hence gives different results. These oils do not exhibit UCM and have complete n-alkane profiles indicating non-biodegradation.     

青藏高原东部金沙江流域盆地陆地风化特征

青藏高原东部金沙江流域是研究高原隆升与陆地风化的理想地区。本文通过对金沙江河流系统的取样,从河流溶质载荷主要离子和悬浮载荷粘土矿物等方面揭示青藏高原东部金沙江流域盆地陆地风化特征。研究表明,金沙江流域盆地陆地岩石风化主要是碳酸盐岩、蒸发盐岩和硅酸盐岩。利用S i、S i/TZ+*、S i/Na*+K和S i/K以及(Na*+K)/TZ+等5个指标结合流域区域岩石分布和土壤特征揭示出流域硅酸盐岩为浅表性初级风化,风化产物主要是富含阳离子的次生粘土矿物。     

Spatiotemporal Modeling of Monthly Precipitation in the Upper Shiyang River Watershed in West Central Gansu, Northwest China

This paper outlines a methodology to estimate monthly precipitation surfaces at 1-km resolution for the Upper Shiyang River watershed(USRW) in northwest China.Generation of precipitation maps is based on the application of a four-variable genetic algorithm(GA) trained on 10 years of weather and ancillary data,i.e.,surface air temperature,relative humidity,Digital Elevation Model-derived estimates of elevation,and time of year collected at 29 weather stations in west-central Gansu and northern Qinghai provin...     

清江流域水库滑坡数据库系统开发

介绍了清江流域水库滑坡数据库系统的数据结构、功能及窗口界面等特点。本系统利用VFP的可视化和面向对象的编程技术，实现了数据库系统强大的数据查询、数据维护、报表打印及系统维护管理功能，并具有与WINDOWS系统完全一致的窗口界面。     

越南西北部一个岩溶山地流域的水文地质特征

本文介绍对越南西北部一个岩溶山地流域——Suoi Muoi河流域水文地质特征的初步评价。该流域海拔600～1700m,面积284km~2。出露的石灰岩占整个流域面积的32％。对该流域已进行了各种类型的评价,包括野外地质和水文地质调查、溶洞调查、染色示踪试验、气象和地表水监测等。通过地质研究和溶洞调查在该流域内识别出了主要的活动溶洞/通道系统。尽管这些数据很重要,但据此还不足以对该流域作一个全面的评价。笔者试图根据短期(15个月)的气     

贵州普定后寨河流域土壤侵蚀模型与应用研究

在典型岩溶区，由于喀斯特的强烈发育，自然条件差，加上人为因素的不良影响（毁林开荒、乱砍滥伐等），水土流失问题十分严重。随着遥感（Remote Sensing)技术的飞跃发展，计算机技术有普遍应用，特别是近年来地理信息系统（GIS）研究的迅速发展与应用，使土壤侵蚀研究从土壤侵蚀类型、分类、侵蚀地貌、侵蚀模数等定性、定量研究深入到潜在危害的研究阶段。本文是前人研究工作的基础上，以普定后寨河岩溶流域（普定岩溶野外试验场）为研究区，利用遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术建立起适合于岩溶流域使用的土壤侵蚀定量模型，并在PAMAP GIS的支持下，探讨了利用遥感信息、GIS自动提取土壤侵蚀因子，最后得到流域实际的土壤侵蚀图、潜在的土壤侵蚀图等一系列图件，为岩溶流域的综合治理提供有效的理论研究依据。     

岩溶单元流域结构与水资源开发利用模式研究—— 以贵州省普定后寨岩溶流域为例

在论述后寨岩溶单元流域二元流场结构的基础上，对地表、地下水资源进行了估算，根据水资源量和上、中、下游不同地貌组合类型，采取上游蓄、排，中游蓄、引、提，下游引、提的综合开发利用模式，解决了流域81km2的工、农业用水和普定县城3万余人的饮用水问题。     

红河流域洪水特性及统计参数分析

根据20个测站的洪水资料，对红河流域的暴雨洪水特性，洪水特征量和洪水统计参数的地区分布规律等作了分析研究，该研究对红河流域水资源开发利用的分析计算工作具有一定的指导作用，并对该地区水利水电工程设计洪水的合理性分析有着重要意义。