The effects of carbon dioxide leakage on fractures, and water quality of potable aquifers during geological sequestration of CO2

Since industrial revolution, the ＂greenhouse effect＂ is one of the most important global environmental issues. Of all the greenhouse gases, CO2 is responsible for about 64% of the enhanced ＂greenhouse effect＂, making it the target for mitigation, so reducing anthropogenic discharge of carbon dioxide attracts more and more attention. Geological sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising options. But because unknown fractures and faults may exist in the caprock layers which can prevent the leakage of CO2, CO2 will leak upward into upper potable aquifers, and lead to adverse impacts on the shallow potable aquifers. In order to assess the potential effect of CO2 leakage from underground storage reservoirs on fractures and water quality of potable aquifers, this study used the non-isothermal reactive geochemical transport code TOUGHREACT developed by Xu et al to establish a simplified 2-D model of CO2 underground sequestration system, which includes deep saline aquifers, caprock layers, and shallow potable aquifers, and study and analyze the changes of mineral and aqueous components. The simulation results indicated that the minerals of deep saline aquifers and fractures should be mainly composed of aluminosilicate and silicate minerals, which not only enhance the mass of CO2 sequestrated by mineral trapping, but also decrease the porosity and permeability of caprock layers and fractures to prevent and reduce CO2 leakage. The results from deep saline aquifers showed that the mass of carbon dioxide trapped by minerals and solution phases is limited, the rest remained as a supercritical phase, and so once the caprock aquifers have some unknown fractures, the free carbon dioxide phase may leak from CO2 geologic sequestration reservoirs by buoyancy.     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.     

IDL在地下水水质模拟中的应用初探

IDL(Interactive Data Language)作为第四代的编程语言,具有时海量数据进行获取、分析、可视化以及对多种图像进行处理和交互式探作的功能.本文介绍了IDL及其在地下水水质模拟及数据可视化中的应用,并结合地下水溶质运移问题的实例,利用IDL进行了数值模拟和计算结果的可视化.结果表明:IDL面向矩阵的特性和强大的数据可视化能力是地下水数值模拟和可视化的理想工具.     

辽河干流铁岭段近五年水质污染趋势分析

依据辽河干流铁岭段4个水质监测断面近5年的监测数据,对主要超标项目的变化趋势进行分析,并对开发、保护和利用水资源以及加强水资源的管理,提出了合理化建议.     

引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的研究

依据引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的事实以及传质理论,定性地分析了引黄水水质咸化的主要原因,包括盐碱土传质作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及风的扰动加速传质作用等.在北大港水库旁修建了一个模拟试验水池,进行了现场模拟试验研究.依据水量平衡和氯离子总量平衡的原理,分别定量地计算了传质作用和蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重.结果表明,在模拟水池蓄水后的30 d内,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重有随时间增加而增长的趋势;30 d后,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在80%,蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在20%,说明导致水质咸化的最主要因素是盐碱土传质作用.     

太原市兰村泉域地下水的利用及管理

通过对太原市兰村泉城内兰村、西张、枣沟三大水源地地下水开采量、水位、水质的分析，阐述了因地下水超采造成泉域内大范围的地下水位下降，部分地区形成地下水降落漏斗，从而导致水质污染、地面沉降等问题。进而提出了分质供水、优质优用的供水方式和做好人工回灌，限制地下水开采量等防范措施。     

费县地下水分布规律及其水质特征浅析

本文阐述了县内第四系孔隙水富水区、灰岩岩溶水富水区、变质岩贫水区、碎屑岩贫水区的水文地质构造、地下水分布状况及单井出水量的大小。采用模糊数学法对水质现状及趋势进行了分析评价，总体上水于恶化趋势。认为加强地下水保护已成当务之急。     

官厅水库流域非点源污染研究进展

官厅水库位于北京市西北 10 0ｋｍ左右的永定河上 ,总库容量 41 6亿ｍ3,流域总面积为 46 76 8ｋｍ2 ,是北京市重要的供水水源地之一。流域内有洋河、桑干河两大支流 ,洋河主要由东洋河、西洋河、南洋河、洪塘河、清水河等支流汇合而成 ,流经怀安、万全、宣化、怀来 ;桑干河与主要支流壶流河在石匣里汇流 ,流经阳原、蔚县、宣化、涿鹿、怀来。由于水库水体遭受污染日益严重 ,1997年退出饮用水源地体系。根据对官厅水库的水质监测结果分析 ,目前水库水质已处于中营养向富营养过渡的阶段 ,某些指标如氨氮等已达到或超过富营养化水平。官厅水库…     

地下水水质预警信息系统研究

地下水水质预警是对地下水水质现状及变化趋势适时给出相应给别警戒信息的方法，包括状态预警和趋势预警两部分。以GIS技术为核心，将水质预警模型与GIS技术相结合，建立了地下水水质预警信息系统。并以吉林省西部平原地区地下水水质为例，研究了该区地下水水质恶化地区的分布、趋势、恶化预警等级及其成因。地下水水质预警系统为地下水资源管理，减少地下水水质恶化的风险提供了科学依据。     

取样瓶内球胆对水中溶解气测值影响的研究

引言 地下水中溶解气体的观测，在水文地质、水文地球化学、构造地球化学、环境保护等领域的水质调查研究中是一项经常做的项目。近20多年来，作为监测地震前兆的方法，更在国内外较广泛地开展起来，且取得了一些较好震例资料（张炜等，1992；蒋凤亮等，1989），在为各种目的所进行的溶解气体取样方法，多年来基本上都采用大口试剂瓶（内含球胆）作为取样、脱气装置（图1）。我们在实际工作中发现，这种取样装置内用来脱气的球胆对溶解气体总量及其组分等观测结果会有较大的影响。另外，还发现文献（地矿部地下水标准检验方法编写组，1988；…