对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思路

中国古大陆的地质构造演化、盆地性质和盆山转换过程以及资源分布，决定了我国油气勘探战略方针应为两个并举：海域区勘探和陆上区勘探同时并举；陆上区应为古生代海相盆地和陆相盆地同时并举。中国陆地上的海相油气盆地主要分布在特提斯构造域中，具克拉通基底的塔里木、鄂尔多斯和四川盆地三大海相盆地是当前我国油气资源重要勘探开发区，具有巨大的资源潜力。中国古大陆发育有两个构造层次的海相盆地，早古生代海相盆地沉积了海侵和海退序列两套烃源岩。晚古生代一早印支期的早期海侵序列以储集层为主、烃源岩次之；海平面下降期的盆地具生储双重性。油气勘探开发的实践证明，三大海相盆地在生烃、储集、成藏上具有三个共性：(1)原型盆地演化和沉积序列相同，具五个层系的烃源岩；(2)加里东构造运动形成夭折前陆盆地，造就了古隆起和构造掀斜，形成浅海深水盆和古暴露面；(3)古岩溶碳酸盐岩与上覆晚古生代海侵地层组成了储集成藏体系。     

古生界海相成油理论

康玉柱等经过“七五”、“八五”科技攻关。研究总结了塔里木盆地和国内有代表性古生界油气田成藏特征，于1992年首次建立了我国古生代海相成油理论。“九五”以来，这一理论又进一步得到了充实。主要内容可归纳为以下七个方面。     

中国沉积盆地形成的地质背景和构造类型

中国的地质构造具有六大个性特征：(1)微陆块与其阐的造山带形成镶嵌结构；(2)微陆块和洲级板块一样走完了板块运动的全过程；(3)微陆块虽分散。但在构造活动中仍为一相对独立的地质单位；(4)地质演化具多旋回性；(5)海西期可能出现过一个海西地台；(6)喜马拉雅期中国构造一地貌以及深部结构构造梯级大分化。在地史演变中，无论是微陆块的裂解和漂移。还是经由其间之裂谷或小洋盆的消亡而次第粘结，都缺乏相对统一、量级较大的能量，其本身的动力量级远次于洲级板块。中国沉积盆地经历了从加里东到喜马拉雅多期次和互有交叉的地球动力学背景演化。根据盆地形成的地质背景将中国沉积盆地的构造类型划分为六大类；以前寒武纪陆块为基底的多旋回构造联合体盆地；以海西地台为基底的多旋回盆地；以特提斯各微陆块为基底的被动陆缘构造盆地；跨越多构造单元的中生代晚期一新生代大陆裂谷盆地；跨越多构造单元的中生代晚期一新生代大陆边缘裂谷盆地；新近纪活动陆缘弧后盆地。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组油藏富集特点及勘探潜力

三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地的主力含油层系，自上而下共分五段10个油层组，主力油层组为长6层、长8层。可划分为东北部的三角洲沉积体系域和西南部的水下沉积体系域，它们均由若干个三角洲沉积体系组成。沉积相类型划分为湖泊相、三角洲相、河流相以及冲积-洪积扇四大类，并进一步划分出8种亚相和lO种徽相。廷长组中、下段半深湖-深湖相暗色泥岩、油页岩为主要烃源岩。尤其是长7层；储层物性在纵向上廷长组上部优于下部，在平面上盆地东北部优于西南部。早白垩世为主要生排油时期，晚白垩世之后进入二次运移改造阶段。地层超压是石油二次运移的重要动力；叠置砂体及断裂构造是二次运移的主要通道。沉积相带控制下的地层岩性变化所形成的岩性圈闭是延长组油田主要圈闭类型，其他的还有构造-岩性圈闭、成岩圈闭等。有利生油岩发育区是控制油田分布的重要因素，延长组生烃中心的长轴NW-SE向延伸，在其东北及西南两侧石油聚集强度最大。大型湖泊三角洲分流河道、三角洲前缘河口坝砂体是石油勘探的主要目标。     

东津-杭口盆地震旦、寒武系碳硅泥岩型铀、金矿化控制因素及定位条件浅析

本文论述了产于东津—杭口盆地震旦、寒武系碳硅泥岩型地层组合中的铀、金矿化严格受地层层位和构造迭加的联合控制，具体的赋矿部位就是两者定位条件复合最好的部位，并由此阐述了本区地质热事件的发育程度及其对本区铀、金矿化形成规模的影响。     

APPLICATION OF SOME MECHANICAL CONCEPTS TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

This paper discusses some mechanical concepts that have been largely applied to structural geology and tectonics, and addresses the problems and misunderstandings in use of these mechanical terms. The purpose is to stimulate the interests for structural geologists in using the mechanical principles and methods correctly to solve the geodynamic problems.     

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall, and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.     

阿卡耶夫:费尔干纳盆地面临核废料泄漏威胁

阿拉木图2002年10月9日电比什凯克消息:吉尔吉斯斯坦总统阿卡耶夫8日在首都比什凯克说,如不及时采取防范措施,随时可能发生的核废料泄漏事故将给位于吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦3国交界处的费尔干纳盆地及附近地区带来严重的生态灾难. 据国际文传电讯社报道,阿卡耶夫在当天开幕的吉尔吉斯斯坦援助国咨询大会上说,50年前原苏联在吉境内的费尔于纳盆地建立了大型铀矿生产基地,生产过程中出现的大量核废料被就地掩埋,目前吉境内共有核废料填埋场23处,掩埋放射性物质220万m3.随着时间的推移,填埋场因年久失修安全系数大大降低,核废料随时都可能大量泄漏.     

Regional Fault Systems of Qaidam Basin and Adjacent Orogenic Belts

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional fault systems of Qaidam basin and ad-jacent orogenic belts. Field investigation and seismic interpretation indicate that five regional fault sys-tans occurred in the Qaidam and adjacent nment.qin belts, controlling the development and evolution of the Qaidam basin. These fault systems are: (1)north Qaidam-Qilian Mountain fault system; (2) south Qaidam-East Kunhm Mountain fault system;（3）Altun strike-slip fault system; (4) Elashan strike-slip fault system, and (5) Gansen-Xiaochaidan fault system. It is indicated that the fault systems controlled the orientation of the Qaidam basin, the formation and distribution of secondary faults within the basin,the migration of depocenters and the distribution of hydrocarbon accmnulation belt.