在子科滩草原上捡拾阳光

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中国海真寄居蟹属一新记录种(寄居蟹总科,活额寄居蟹科)

本文记述了采自中国南沙及北部湾的活额寄居蟹科Diogenidae真寄居蟹属Dardanus Paul’son 1新纪录种:丽螯真寄居蟹D.callichela Cook,1989。提供了形态描述、形态特征图及分种检索表,并讨论了其与近似种的区别。研究标本保存于中国科学院海洋生物标本馆(MBMCAS)。     

中国近海蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae)两新纪录种及常见种名修订

在系统整理研究中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国近海采集的蟹守螺科标本时,鉴定出属于蟹守螺属(Cerithium)的中国两新记录种,分别是:阶梯蟹守螺Cerithium novaehollandiae Adams in Swoerby,1855和锉形蟹守螺Cerithium scobiniforme Houbrick,1992。两新记录种分布于中国海南省沿海,栖息于潮间带至浅海的岩礁、砂或石砾质海底。文中对两新记录种的外部形态、软体部、厣特征和习性及地理分布等方面进行了论述,并与相似种进行了比较。且对中国近海蟹守螺科一些常见种名进行了修订。     

Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary

Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.     

表面波浪对海洋上层混合的作用

A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the＂Coriolis-Stokes forcing＂ and the＂Stokes-Vortex force＂ are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model （POM）. Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.     

新疆库车盆地钾盐科探1井含盐系地球化学特征及找钾指示

在盐湖沉积演化过程中,钾盐矿物在盐类沉积的中晚期阶段才开始析出。因此,研究含盐系盐类的沉积地球化学特征,不仅可以从侧面获取岩盐的沉积物源和成盐古卤水蒸发浓缩程度等地球化学信息,而且更能揭示古盐湖钾盐富集趋势。文章通过对库车盆地钾盐科探1井钻取的岩芯样品进行高精度采样测试,得出岩盐中Mg×103/Cl、K×103/Cl、Li×103/Cl与K+、Mg2+、Li+、Ca2+、Cl-含量的垂向变化规律。并与库车盆地其他钻孔中的岩盐含钾性进行对比,同时,依据钻井剖面岩性特征,与潜江凹陷和大汶口凹陷含盐系剖面进行对比,论述研究区成盐的地球化学特征,对其钾盐成矿前景进行分析和评价。     

核心素养视角下新旧版《普通高中地理课程标准》比较研究

地理课程标准是地理课程改革的核心引擎。通过比较分析《普通高中地理课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》与《普通高中地理课程标准(实验)》文本中地理学科核心素养相关“关键词”的特征,揭示它们在词频和分布方面的异同。研究表明:地理学科核心素养是三维目标的整合与创新,新课标构筑起正确价值观和地理思维的双重价值取向,更加突出以地理核心知识聚合课程内容和以地理实践力引领课堂教学。在新课标指引下,教师应以地理核心知识统整地理课程,采用地理信息技术发展学生地理思维,以地理实践活动革新地理教学手段和内容。     

千姿百态话帆船

帆船在漫长的岁月中,一直被人类用于谋生和战斗。在工业革命以前,帆船一直是各国海军主要的作战船只。在16世纪,伟大的现代航海事业已经开始,帆船的发展也进入了一个蓬勃时期。各种种类的帆船现身于世。     

海洋生物系列（十五）

▲毛躄鱼毛躄鱼属笔鱼科。这种鱼长得较为奇特,头较大,腹部突出,胸鳍酷似假臂,隐于皮下。全身无鳞,以细小绒毛状小棘所代替。终生生活在热带海域中,极其喜欢栖息于海藻中,具有把腹部充满空气漂浮于水面的习性。分布于南海、印度、马来西亚半岛沿岸。▲巨牙天竺鲷巨牙天竺鲷属天     

二纺蛛总科（蜘蛛目：新蛛下目）蜘蛛化石研究进展

二纺蛛总科包括5个现生科、5个化石科以及一些科级位置未定的化石物种,是蜘蛛目中较为古老的一个类群。目前已知最早的二纺蛛总科化石记录可以追溯到早侏罗世,但分子系统发育研究推测其起源时间为二叠纪。二纺蛛总科蜘蛛在中生代最为繁盛,化石物种相对较多,是蜘蛛化石类群的重要组成部分。而现生二纺蛛总科蜘蛛十分稀少,且主要分布在热带和亚热带地区。近年来的系统发育研究认为二纺蛛总科可能是复杂生殖器类的姐妹群,是蜘蛛演化研究的关键类群。因此,本文对二纺蛛总科分类系统的研究历史进行了回顾,总结了二纺蛛总科化石类群在不同地质历史时期的组成和分布,统计了二纺蛛总科蜘蛛化石的名录。目前,二纺蛛总科蜘蛛化石分类研究基础薄弱,部分化石类群的系统位置存疑,二纺蛛总科内部系统发育关系尚不清晰。在将来的研究中,需要利用多种技术手段获取化石材料的形态学信息,打好分类学基础;结合化石类群和现生类群进行系统发育分析;进而联系古地理、古生态、生物学行为等研究,全方位分析二纺蛛总科的自然演化历史。